元宇宙
根據元宇宙嘅諗頭，任何現實嘅嘢都可以用電腦創造嘅虛擬嘢取代[註 1]：有資訊科技工作者就想建立一個由虛擬實境（VR）同擴張實境（AR）組成嘅虛擬世界，用呢個虛擬世界做互聯網嘅延伸－用家唔淨只可以喺呢個世界裏面郁動，仲有得透過個世界玩遊戲同埋使用第啲互聯網服務，例如網購同社交媒體呀噉，做到近乎「完全齋靠個虛擬世界生活」咁滯；元宇宙相關嘅諗頭，好多時仲會結合埋 AI 技術，打算做到（例如）「教部電腦透過 VR 頭罩睇用家眉頭眼額，按用家情緒決定要點樣改變用家體驗」[1][2]。
有唔少資訊科技工作者主張，元宇宙會引起互聯網科技嘅大變。而喺 2021 年，Facebook 嘅創辦人朱克伯格將佢間公司嘅名改做 Meta 平台[歐 2]，反映佢開發元宇宙嘅決心，結合電腦科學同人機互動等多個領域嘅研究者一齊研發元宇宙。
基礎概念[編輯]
元宇宙嘅諗頭可見於 1992 年嘅科幻長篇小說《雪崩》[歐 3]。據講本小說係噉描述元宇宙嘅[3]：
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又或者以下呢段噉[4]：
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涉及技術[編輯]
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基礎技術[編輯]
要做到「令用家完全投入個虛擬世界」，元宇宙起碼要用以下呢啲技術：
- 虛擬實境頭罩，用嚟向用家呈現個虛擬世界嘅圖像同聲。
- 觸控用家介面，畀用家感受「掂到」虛擬世界嘅物件[5]。
- 腦機介面（BCI），可以內置喺個頭罩裏面，畀用家齋靠諗嘢嚟控制虛擬世界嘅嘢。
- 加密電子貨幣同 NFT，方便用家喺虛擬世界裏面做買賣[6]。
- 智能感應器
- 擴張實境
... 呀噉。
營銷技術[編輯]
元宇宙係個完全由電腦控制嘅虛擬空間。噉即係話，運作元宇宙嘅人可以隨意攞元宇宙入面嘅任何資訊，而呢點可以攞嚟落廣告[7]：
- 眼動追蹤[歐 5]：用嚟探測用家對眼望緊乜，可以用嚟攞到「虛擬世界裏面嘅呢個廣告有幾多人睇」噉嘅資訊；Meta 平台跟住可以將呢啲資訊賣畀第啲企業，畀後者用嚟做落廣告方面嘅商業決策[8]。
- 情感運算[歐 6]：假如用家嘅 VR 頭罩能夠探測用家嘅情緒（可以睇吓 HRV 等嘅概念），就可以攞嚟（例如）探知用家對某幅廣告有咩情緒反應，而呢點可以用嚟評估一個廣告係咪有效[9]。
- 大數據：可以用嚟分析用家嘅行為，細至「用咗幾多時間摷有關呢隻呢隻產品嘅資訊」都可以分析。
例如附圖 1 噉：附圖 1 顯示個人戴住 VR 頭罩體驗個虛擬世界；想像如果個虛擬世界係元宇宙，玩家可以透過操作個世界入面嘅物件嚟做網購，而且再想像（例如）個頭罩內置眼動追蹤，識探測用家對眼望緊邊，知用家望緊元宇宙邊忽，將「位用家用咗幾多秒望呢幅呢幅廣告」等嘅數據傳返去 Meta 平台嘅數據庫度。順帶一提，有好多人都係因為「元宇宙太易畀營銷工作者攞數據同埋操弄消費者」，所以唔睇好元宇宙[10]。
註釋[編輯]
睇埋[編輯]
文獻[編輯]
- Rauschnabel, P. A., Felix, R., Hinsch, C., Shahab, H., & Alt, F. (2022). What is XR? Towards a framework for augmented and virtual reality. Computers in Human Behavior, 133, 107289.
- Shin, D. (2022). The actualization of meta affordances: Conceptualizing affordance actualization in the metaverse games. Computers in Human Behavior, 133, 107292，呢篇文講到，元宇宙嘅空間設計（簡化講）會對用家「有幾樂意用」造成具體影響。
- The Metaverse: Concepts and Issues for Congress (PDF), August 26, 2022，呢份報告總結咗當時嘅元宇宙主要概念。
歐詞[編輯]
攷[編輯]
- ↑ Hollensen, S., Kotler, P., & Opresnik, M. O. (2022). Metaverse the new marketing universe. Journal of Business Strategy.
- ↑ Kim, J. (2021). Advertising in the metaverse. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 21(3), 141-144.
- ↑ 1993 (1992 Copyright), Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson, Chapter 3, Quote Page 24, Bantam Books, New York. (Verified with scans)，原版英文："So Hiro's not actually here at all. He's in a computer-generated universe that his computer is drawing onto his goggles and pumping into his earphones. In the lingo, this imaginary place is known as the Metaverse. Hiro spends a lot of time in the Metaverse."
- ↑ 1993 (1992 Copyright), Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson, Chapter 5, Quote Page 35 and 36, Bantam Books, New York. (Verified with scans)，原版英文："He is not seeing real people, of course. This is all a part of the moving illustration drawn by his computer according to specifications coming down the fiber-optic cable. The people are pieces of software called avatars. They are the audiovisual bodies that people use to communicate with each other in the Metaverse."
- ↑ Feel the metaverse with your bare hands - using ultrasonic waves. World Economic Forum.
- ↑ How The Metaverse Will Change Cryptocurrency. Forbes.
- ↑ All the ways marketing and advertising are shaping the metaverse. Business Insider.
- ↑ Markopoulos, E., Luimula, M., Calbureanu-Popescu, C., Markopoulos, P., Ranttila, P., Laukkanen, S., ... & Nghia, T. (2021). Neural Network Driven Eye Tracking Metrics and Data Visualization in Metaverse and Virtual Reality Maritime Safety Training. In Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom) (pp. 537-544). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
- ↑ Silvennoinen, J. M., & Saariluoma, P. (2021). Affective Mimetics, Emotional Information Space, and Metaverse. JDT, 2(2), 294.
- ↑ Seems Like Meta Wants To Flood The Metaverse With Ads, Patents Suggest. The Gamer.
拎[編輯]
- Metaverse （英文），呢篇文簡介元宇宙嘅概念。
