失語症

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失語症
	分類同外部資源
ICD-10	F80.0-F80.2， R47.0
ICD-9	315.31， 784.3， 438.11
疾病DB	4024
MedlinePlus	003204
eMedicine	neuro/437
醫學主題詞	D001037

失語症（粵拼：sat1 jyu5 zing3，英文：aphasia）係種由於特定嘅大腦區域受損，所以理解同表達唔到語言嘅病。

神經基礎[編輯]

腦神經學上嘅研究表明，人腦嘅顳葉上側、後側同外側等多個部份都會參與高層嘅聽覺資訊處理：耳仔會將收到外界資訊傳去顳葉嘅主要聽覺皮層，主要聽覺皮層會係噉咦處理吓啲資訊，並且初步噉將資訊詮釋同歸類^[1]，然後主要聽覺皮層就會將唔同類嘅聽覺資訊傳去唔同嘅次要聽覺皮層－次要聽覺皮層係一啲專化咗、淨係處理某啲特定聽覺資訊嘅腦區，例如布諾卡區就係位於顳葉上少少嘅一個腦區，專門處理語言相關嘅聽覺資訊。研究顯示，布諾卡區病變會搞到個病人明明聽覺同聲帶冇問題，都講唔到嘢^[2]^[3]。

主要聽覺皮層會向兩個重要嘅語言腦區傳訊號：布諾卡區同韋力卡區，前者主要掌管個人對語言嘅使用，喺講嘢當中不可或缺，而後者就主要掌管聲同意思之間嘅連繫－語言大致上就係聲同意思之間嘅連繫，而呢個連繫似乎由韋力卡區主管；研究顯示，韋力卡區病變會搞到個病人出現所謂嘅感覺性失語症，即係話個病人能夠發出準確嘅聲，但講嘅嘢冇乜意思，例如個病人想講話佢去同隻狗散步，但講出嚟嘅嘢係

「我知隻狗有啲唔舒服所以我想佢去行吓，我想好似你講嘅噉照顧吓佢。」

（一句意思九唔答八嘅句子）^[4]^[5]。

一個人腦由左邊望嘅圖解；圖中標示咗布諾卡區（Broca's）同韋力卡區（Wernicke's）嘅位置。

睇埋[編輯]

拎[編輯]

Template:DMOZ
Dysarthria
Apraxia of Speech
Luria's Areas of the Human Cortex Involved in Language Illustrated summary of Luria's book Traumatic Aphasia
Video clips showing patients with Expressive-type aphasia Wayback Machine嘅版面存檔備份
A video clip with a patient exhibiting Receptive aphasia Wayback Machine嘅版面存檔備份
Primary Progressive Aphasia Wayback Machine嘅版面存檔備份

引[編輯]

↑ Recanzone, G. A., Schreiner, C. E., & Merzenich, M. M. (1993). Plasticity in the frequency representation of primary auditory cortex following discrimination training in adult owl monkeys. Journal of Neuroscience, 13(1), 87-103.
↑ Zwislocki, J. (1960). Theory of temporal auditory summation. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 32(8), 1046-1060.
↑ Alexander, M. P., Naeser, M. A., & Palumbo, C. (1990). Broca's area aphasias: aphasia after lesions including the frontal operculum. Neurology, 40(2), 353-353.
↑ What is Aphasia?. 互聯網檔案館嘅歸檔，歸檔日期2019年4月16號，..
↑ Hickok, Gregory; Poeppel, David (May 2007). "The Cortical Organization of Speech Processing". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 8 (5): 393–402.

[1] Recanzone, G. A., Schreiner, C. E., & Merzenich, M. M. (1993). Plasticity in the frequency representation of primary auditory cortex following discrimination training in adult owl monkeys. Journal of Neuroscience, 13(1), 87-103.

[2] Zwislocki, J. (1960). Theory of temporal auditory summation. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 32(8), 1046-1060.

[3] Alexander, M. P., Naeser, M. A., & Palumbo, C. (1990). Broca's area aphasias: aphasia after lesions including the frontal operculum. Neurology, 40(2), 353-353.

[4] What is Aphasia?. 互聯網檔案館嘅歸檔，歸檔日期2019年4月16號，..

[5] Hickok, Gregory; Poeppel, David (May 2007). "The Cortical Organization of Speech Processing". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 8 (5): 393–402.

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