性騷擾

性騷擾其實係一種基於性嘅騷擾行為 ^[1]^[2] 。佢可以包括好多唔同類型，例如性脅迫、唔受歡迎嘅性關注，或者帶有性別歧視嘅行為^[1]^[2]。雖然有啲性騷擾表面上好似同性慾有關，但其實多數都係用嚟傷害女性，或者懲罰啲唔符合性別規範嘅人 ^[1]。一般人理解嘅性騷擾，多數只係集中喺性脅迫同埋主動嘅性挑逗，但其實呢啲反而唔係最常見 ^[3]。唔同形式嘅性騷擾，都可以對受害者嘅身體同心理健康造成傷害，仲會影響佢哋嘅私人生活同工作 ^[3]。

性騷擾可以發生喺任何性別之間，施害者同受害者都可以係男或者女 ^[4]。可以係朋友之間，亦可以係生埗人之間；可以係地位平等，亦可以係上下級關係 ^[4]。表現形式亦好多，包括口講、身體接觸，甚至係間接行為 ^[4]。例如講侮辱性或者帶性意味嘅說話、性暗示、暴露身體、傳色情訊息（sexting）、要求對方做性角色扮演、私下收集或散播對方私底下嘅相、用利益交換性要求，甚至係非禮或者強姦等性侵犯行為 ^[2]^[5]。

喺大多數國家，某啲職場性騷擾係犯法嘅，因為會視為一種就業歧視 ^[6]。不過，法律同社會對性騷擾嘅理解會因文化而有所不同 ^[6]。一般嚟講，勞工法唔會規管所有唔禮貌行為，所以一啲輕微、偶發嘅騷擾未必會犯法。但如果騷擾情況夠頻密或者嚴重，令工作環境變得敵對或者令人反感，又或者影響到工作決定（例如燉冬菇、炒魷魚、或被迫劈炮），咁就有機會構成違法 ^[6]。而家全球已經有超過一百個國家立法規管唔同類型嘅性騷擾，包括「敵意環境」同「利益交換」呢兩種形式，唔少國家都特別針對性傾向同性別認同相關嘅騷擾行為，制定咗專門嘅反騷擾法例 ^[6]。

對好多公司同機構嚟講，預防性騷擾同埋保障員工免受相關指控，已經變成法律決策入面一個好重要嘅部分 ^[6]。

香港情況

性騷擾係有關法律事件，嚮香港法例《性別歧視條例》定義，被告唔理係男女向女性提出性要求、或性陳述，而原告覺得冒犯、侮辱或威嚇。

性騷擾同非禮有分別，前者嚮香港等同欠債或違約，係民事法類型。嚮《鄭燕芳案》（案例:HCA 5970/1999），高院法官界定男人露兩點踢波、講粗口，都唔會構成性騷擾^[7]。

睇埋

非禮

攷

1 2 3 Johnson, Paula A.; Widnall, Sheila E.; Benya, Frazier F., 編 (2018). Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine: Committee on the Impacts of Sexual Harassment in Academia; Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine; Policy and Global Affairs. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. pp. 24–27. Bibcode:2018nap..book24994N. doi:10.17226/24994. ISBN 978-0-309-47087-2. PMID 29894119.
1 2 3 Paludi, Michele A.; Barickman, Richard B. (1991). "Definitions and incidence of academic and workplace sexual harassment". Academic and workplace sexual harassment: a resource manual. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. pp. 2–8. ISBN 9780791408308.
1 2 Cortina, Lilia M.; Areguin, Maira A. (2021). "Putting People Down and Pushing Them Out: Sexual Harassment in the Workplace" (PDF). Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior. 8: 287–288, 294. doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-055606.
1 2 3 "Sexual Harassment". U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. 原先內容歸檔喺13 May 2019. 喺16 July 2010搵到.
↑ Dziech, Billie Wright; Weiner, Linda. The Lecherous Professor: Sexual Harassment on Campus.^{[未記頁數]} Chicago Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1990. ISBN 978-0-8070-3100-1; Boland, 2002^{[未記頁數]}
1 2 3 4 5 Heymann, Jody; Moreno, Gonzalo; Raub, Amy; Sprague, Aleta (4 March 2023). "Progress Towards Ending Sexual Harassment at Work? A Comparison of Sexual Harassment Policy in 192 Countries". Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice. 25 (2): 172–193. doi:10.1080/13876988.2022.2100698. ISSN 1387-6988.
↑ 頭條日報2009年8月24日第8頁《法理之間》- 非禮與性騷擾的異同

[:22-1] 1 2 3 Johnson, Paula A.; Widnall, Sheila E.; Benya, Frazier F., 編 (2018). Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine: Committee on the Impacts of Sexual Harassment in Academia; Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine; Policy and Global Affairs. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. pp. 24–27. Bibcode:2018nap..book24994N. doi:10.17226/24994. ISBN 978-0-309-47087-2. PMID 29894119.

[:21-2] 1 2 3 Paludi, Michele A.; Barickman, Richard B. (1991). "Definitions and incidence of academic and workplace sexual harassment". Academic and workplace sexual harassment: a resource manual. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. pp. 2–8. ISBN 9780791408308.

[:7-3] 1 2 Cortina, Lilia M.; Areguin, Maira A. (2021). "Putting People Down and Pushing Them Out: Sexual Harassment in the Workplace" (PDF). Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior. 8: 287–288, 294. doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-055606.

[eeoc-4] 1 2 3 "Sexual Harassment". U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. 原先內容歸檔喺13 May 2019. 喺16 July 2010搵到.

[auto-5] Dziech, Billie Wright; Weiner, Linda. The Lecherous Professor: Sexual Harassment on Campus.^{[未記頁數]} Chicago Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1990. ISBN 978-0-8070-3100-1; Boland, 2002^{[未記頁數]}

[:15-6] 1 2 3 4 5 Heymann, Jody; Moreno, Gonzalo; Raub, Amy; Sprague, Aleta (4 March 2023). "Progress Towards Ending Sexual Harassment at Work? A Comparison of Sexual Harassment Policy in 192 Countries". Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice. 25 (2): 172–193. doi:10.1080/13876988.2022.2100698. ISSN 1387-6988.

[7] 頭條日報2009年8月24日第8頁《法理之間》- 非禮與性騷擾的異同

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