智能放大
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智能放大（粵拼：zi3 nang4 fong3 daai6；英文：intelligence amplification，簡稱「IA」）係認知科學等領域上嘅一個概念，源於 1950 同 1960 年代嘅電腦科學同模控學研究，泛指一啲運用資訊科技協助提升人類智能嘅做法[1][2]。舉個簡單嘅例子說明，想像有個工程師創造出一個裝置，能夠將一個人腦接駁落去一部能夠連接互聯網嘅電腦嗰度，令個人腦同部電腦有得互相直接傳達訊息（假設所需嘅神經編碼知識經已存在），而個人腦可以俾指令，要部電腦用搜尋器耖資料，然後再將啲資料直接傳返去個人腦嗰度－就會做到「用人工裝置提升一個人類嘅智能」嘅效果[3][4]。
智能放大成日俾人攞嚟同人工智能（AI）比較：人工智能係指用電腦科學上嘅技術，建立能夠展現類似人類智能噉嘅機械嘅做法，例子有機械學習（machine learning）等嘅技術，相比之下，智能放大就係用電腦提升已有嘅智能，而理論上，呢兩種技術都有可能創造出遠超現時人類所能想像嘅智能[5]；不過就算到咗廿一世紀，人工智能面對好多理論同技術上嘅問題（睇埋人工智能哲學）[6]，而淨係需要攞現有智能並且提升呢啲智能嘅智能放大就俾好多人覺得佢有潛力過人工智能[1]。
另一方面，人工智能上嘅技術又可以攞嚟做智能放大：例如想像一個工程師設計一啲能夠預測特定現象嘅人工神經網絡（artificial neural network；一種人工智能技術，會攞某啲特定變數嘅數值做 input，再俾出第啲變數嘅預測值做 output），然後再將呢啲網絡接駁落去一個人腦嗰度，等個人腦可以隨意用呢啲網絡做預測，並且直接接收呢啲網絡嘅 output－就做到一種智能放大嘅效果[7]。
睇埋[編輯]
參考文獻[編輯]
- Engelbart, D.; Landau, V.; Clegg, E. (2009). The Engelbart Hypothesis: Dialogs with Douglas Engelbart. NextPress. ISBN 978-0615308906.
- Asaro, Peter (2008). "From Mechanisms of Adaptation to Intelligence Amplifiers: The Philosophy of W. Ross Ashby" (PDF). In Husbands, P.; Holland, O.; Wheeler, M. (eds.). The Mechanical Mind in History. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-08377-5.
- Ashby, W.R. (2013) [1960]. Design for a Brain: The origin of adaptive behaviour (2nd ed.). Springer. ISBN 978-94-015-1320-3.
- Skagestad, Peter (1993). "Thinking with Machines: Intelligence Augmentation, Evolutionary Epistemology, and Semiotic". Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems. 16 (2): 157–180. doi:10.1016/1061-7361(93)90026-N.
- Bray, David A. (2007). "Smart Business Networks (or, Let's Create 'Life' from Inert Information)". Smart Business Network Initiative (SBNi) Conference — Beijing, May 2008. SSRN. doi:10.2139/ssrn.991163. SSRN 991163.
- Waldrop, M. Mitchell (2001). The Dream Machine: J.C.R. Licklider and the Revolution that Made Computing Personal. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-89976-0. Licklider's biography, contains discussion of the importance of this paper.
攷[編輯]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 IA > AI. Medium.
- ↑ Ashwinkumar Lilhare1, Prof. Dhiraj Rane. Overview of Intelligence Amplification. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSR JEN) www.iosrjen.org. ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719.
- ↑ Elon Musk's next reported project is a company dedicated to linking human brains to computers. Business Insider Australia.
- ↑ The Surgeon Who Wants to Connect You to the Internet with a Brain Implant. MIT Technology Review.
- ↑ Russell, S. (2017). Artificial intelligence: The future is superintelligent. Nature, 548(7669), 520.
- ↑ Esposito, A., Bassis, S., Morabito, F. C., & Pasero, E. (2015, May). Some notes on computational and theoretical issues in artificial intelligence and machine learning. In International Workshop on Neural Networks (pp. 3-12). Springer, Cham.
- ↑ Poulton, M. M. (2002). Neural networks as an intelligence amplification tool: A review of applications. Geophysics, 67(3), 979-993.
拎[編輯]
- Intelligence Amplification using speech synthesis technology.
- IT Conversations: Doug Engelbart - Large-Scale Collective IQ.
- 7 December 1951, Ashby first wrote about the possibility to build an 'information amplifier'.
- 12 August 1953, Ashby mentioned an objection to his 'intelligence-amplifier'.
- The Surgeon Who Wants to Connect You to the Internet with a Brain Implant. MIT Technology Review.
