木星嘅衞星

木星嘅衞星一共有95粒：

特性

啲衞星嘅物理特性同埋軌道特性，差異都幾大吓。四粒伽利略衛星嘅直徑全部都超過3100公里；^[1]最大嗰粒加尼美德，係太陽系裏面第九大嘅天體，排喺太陽同七粒行星後面，仲要大過水星㖭呀。^[2]木星其他嘅衞星，直徑都細過250公里，大多數都係啱啱超過5公里咁上下。^{[note 1]} 佢哋嘅軌道，由差唔多完全係圓形，到非常橢圓，同埋好斜都有，而且好多都係同木星自轉方向相反咁轉（逆行）。

起源同演化

一般認為，木星嘅正規衞星，係喺一個圍繞住木星嘅盤度形成嘅。嗰個盤係一堆受引力束縛嘅氣體同埋固體碎屑，有啲似原行星盤。^[3]^[4] 佢哋可能係木星早期歷史入面，一啲伽利略質量衞星嘅殘留物。^[3]^[5]

有啲模擬顯示，雖然嗰個盤喺任何一個時間點嘅質量都幾大吓，但係跟住時間過去，由太陽星雲度攞到嘅木星質量，有相當一部分（幾十個百分比）都經過咗佢。但係，其實淨係需要木星原盤質量嘅2%，就已經夠解釋而家啲衞星點嚟㗎喇。^[3] 所以，喺木星早期嘅歷史度，可能出現過幾代嘅伽利略質量衞星。由於受到嚟自嗰個盤嘅阻力，每一代嘅衞星都可能螺旋式噉跌入木星，之後新嘅衞星又由太陽星雲度攞到嘅新碎片度形成。^[3] 到咗而家呢一代（可能係第五代）形成嘅時候，嗰個盤已經變得好薄，唔會再點樣干擾到啲衞星嘅軌道喇。^[5] 而家嘅伽利略衞星都重係受到影響，佢哋會因為軌道共振而互相影響，而且都受到保護。而家伊奧、歐羅巴同加尼美德之間重有共振：佢哋嘅共振比例係 1:2:4。加尼美德嘅質量大啲，即係話佢向入面遷移嘅速度，會快過歐羅巴同伊奧。^[3] 木星系統入面嘅潮汐耗散重持續緊，卡利斯托好有可能會喺大概15億年之後，俾人捕獲到共振入面，到時就會形成一條 1:2:4:8 嘅鏈。^[6]

至於外圍嗰啲唔規則嘅衞星，一般認為係由啲俾木星捉咗嘅小行星嚟嘅，嗰陣時嗰個原月球盤都重係夠晒大，可以吸走佢哋嘅大部分動量，咁就可以將佢哋捉入軌道度。好多人都覺得，佢哋喺俾木星捉住嘅過程中，因為受到機械壓力而散咗，或者之後俾其他細嘅物體撞到而散咗，先至變成我哋而家見到嘅衞星嘅樣。

疏仕

↑ "Solar System Small Worlds Fact Sheet". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 喺2024-05-02搵到.
↑ "Ganymede: Facts - NASA Science". science.nasa.gov (美國英文). 原著喺2024-04-15歸檔. 喺2024-05-02搵到.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Canup, Robert M.; Ward, William R. (2009). "Origin of Europa and the Galilean Satellites". Europa. University of Arizona Press (in press). arXiv:0812.4995. Bibcode:2009euro.book...59C.
↑ Alibert, Y.; Mousis, O.; Benz, W. (2005). "Modeling the Jovian subnebula I. Thermodynamic conditions and migration of proto-satellites". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 439 (3): 1205–13. arXiv:astro-ph/0505367. Bibcode:2005A&A...439.1205A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20052841. S2CID 2260100.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Chown, Marcus (7 March 2009). "Cannibalistic Jupiter ate its early moons". 《新科學人》. 原先內容歸檔喺23 March 2009. 喺18 March 2009搵到.
↑ Lari, Giacomo; Saillenfest, Melaine; Fenucci, Marco (2020). "Long-term evolution of the Galilean satellites: the capture of Callisto into resonance". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 639: A40. arXiv:2001.01106. Bibcode:2020A&A...639A..40L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037445. S2CID 209862163. 原先內容歸檔喺11 June 2022. 喺1 August 2022搵到.

呢篇同天文相關係楔位文。歡迎幫維基百科擴寫佢。

引用錯誤 <ref> tags exist for a group named "note", but no corresponding <references group="note"/> tag was found

[1] "Solar System Small Worlds Fact Sheet". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 喺2024-05-02搵到.

[2] "Ganymede: Facts - NASA Science". science.nasa.gov (美國英文). 原著喺2024-04-15歸檔. 喺2024-05-02搵到.

[Canup2009-4] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Canup, Robert M.; Ward, William R. (2009). "Origin of Europa and the Galilean Satellites". Europa. University of Arizona Press (in press). arXiv:0812.4995. Bibcode:2009euro.book...59C.

[Alibert2005-5] Alibert, Y.; Mousis, O.; Benz, W. (2005). "Modeling the Jovian subnebula I. Thermodynamic conditions and migration of proto-satellites". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 439 (3): 1205–13. arXiv:astro-ph/0505367. Bibcode:2005A&A...439.1205A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20052841. S2CID 2260100.

[newsci-6] 5.0 ^5.1 Chown, Marcus (7 March 2009). "Cannibalistic Jupiter ate its early moons". 《新科學人》. 原先內容歸檔喺23 March 2009. 喺18 March 2009搵到.

[7] Lari, Giacomo; Saillenfest, Melaine; Fenucci, Marco (2020). "Long-term evolution of the Galilean satellites: the capture of Callisto into resonance". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 639: A40. arXiv:2001.01106. Bibcode:2020A&A...639A..40L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037445. S2CID 209862163. 原先內容歸檔喺11 June 2022. 喺1 August 2022搵到.

[1]

[2]

[note 1]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]