歷史哲學
歷史哲學，哲學研究一門，探討歷史同史學家[1]。個名由法國哲學家伏爾泰諗出來嘅，但唔佢祇不過當中一種諗法。但呢方面哲學，要總括一切亦好難。個名就好似同法學哲學、科學哲學類似，但諗法就更闊更分歧[2]。
西洋講史，有兩義。一種話人類大事件跟時間進程，主過講過往，亦唔限過往。另一種指一門學問，探討人類過去知識同認識[2][3]。
歷史哲學為咗反思歷史本質，又反思史學者究竟點去理解歷史知識。咁有兩大派走咗出來[4][5][6][7][8]。一派叫實質哲學，又叫推測哲學，呢種喺形而上學嗰便，關注語言一面，感知一面，探討背景。另一派，叫批判哲學，又叫分析哲學，偏向實用主義，會跟住認識論，似科學哲學咁。呢種分㵷，似大陸哲學同分析哲學分歧。話就咁分，實情又未必咁分得咁清，有啲反思根本唔入呢兩流，模模糊糊。
歷史哲學家有啲諗法，史學家並唔認同，從而又有爭論。
實踐層面，分析嗰便，會質疑歷史過程，質疑意義同目的，而推測嗰便，會研究歷史同歷史方法，佢哋根基同含義。因而有批判哲學同推測哲學呢種分別。
呢種分歧，休謨同康德爭論因果關係表現好清楚。休謨代表分析嗰邊，康德代表推測嗰邊。用呢種表述方式，雖然表達歷史錯位，但幫助我哋理解佢哋哲學史上定位。
喺當代，福柯同漢娜萼蘭視為史學家之前，會畀人睇成理論家或者哲學家，偏向推測手哲學嗰邊。，佢工作側重歷史同人類社會現象中，深層結構、權力關係同哲學思考。而傳統史學，會堅持分析性同敘事性方法。
攷
[編輯]- ↑ Tucker, Aviezer (2009). A companion to the philosophy of history and historiography. Blackwell companions to philosophy. Chichester Malden (Mass.): Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 4. ISBN 978-1-4051-4908-2.
- 1 2 "Philosophy of History | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. 喺2025-07-19搵到.
- ↑ "Philosophy of history | Summary, Theories, Philosophers, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com (英文). 喺2025-07-19搵到.
- ↑ Walsh, William (1958). An Introduction to the Philosophy of History. London: Hutchinson University Library. pp. 13, 15. ISBN 9781855061705.
- ↑ Danto, Arthur (1989). Historia y narración. Ensayos de filosofía analítica de la historia (西班牙文). Bustos, Eduardo翻譯. Barcelona: Paidós. p. 29. ISBN 84-7509-552-6.
- ↑ Ricoeur, Paul (1995). Tiempo y narración. Configuración del tiempo en el relato histórico (西班牙文).第1卷. Ciudad de México: Siglo XXI. p. 169. ISBN 968-23-1966-8.
- ↑ Kuukkanen, Jouni-Matti, 編 (2021). Philosophy of history: twenty-first-century perspectives. London New York Oxford New Delhi Sydney: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-350-11184-4.
- ↑ Lemon, Michael C. (2003). Philosophy of history: a guide for students (第1. publ版). London: Routledge. pp. 1–2, 7, 9, 281–283. ISBN 978-0-415-16204-3.
文獻
[編輯]- Berkhofer, Robert F. Beyond the great story: history as text and discourse. (Harvard University Press, 1995)
- Berlin, Isaiah. Three critics of the Enlightenment: Vico, Hamann, Herder, (2000)
- Rose, Elizabeta "The Philosophy of History" Writings of the Contemporary World (2011)
- Carr, Edward Hallett, "What is History?" (1961)
- Collingwood, R. G. The idea of history. (1946)
- Danto, Arthur Coleman. Analytical philosophy of history (1965)
- Doran, Robert. ed. Philosophy of History After Hayden White. London: Bloomsbury, 2013.
- Dilthey, Wilhelm. Introduction to the human sciences ed. by R. A. Makkreel and F. Rodi. (1883; 1989)
- Engels, David. ed. Von Platon bis Fukuyama. Biologistische und zyklische Konzepte in der Geschichtsphilosophie der Antike und des Abendlandes, Brussels: Latomus, 2015.
- Rickert, Heinrich, Die Probleme der Geschichtsphilosophie. Eine Einführung, Tübingen 1924, new ed.: Celtis Verlag, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-944253-01-5
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- Gardiner, Patrick L. ed. The philosophy of history, Oxford readings in philosophy. (1974)
- Hewitson, Mark, History and Causality (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014)
- Lloyd, Christopher The Structures of History (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993)
- Mandelbaum, Maurice, The Anatomy of Historical Knowledge (Johns Hopkins, 1977)
- Mink, Louis O. "Narrative form as a cognitive instrument." in The writing of history: Literary form and historical understanding, Robert H. Canary and Henry Kozicki, eds. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1978.
- Ricoeur, Paul. Time and Narrative, Volume 1 and 2, University Of Chicago Press, 1990.
- Ricoeur, Paul. History and Truth. Translated by Kathleen McLaughlin and David Pellauer. Chicago and London: U of Chicago P, 1983.
- Jameson, Frederic. The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981.
- Muller, Herbert J. The Uses of the Past, New York, New York: Oxford University Press, 1952.
- Schumann, G. Explanation in Action Theory and Historiography: Causal and Teleological Approaches. 2019.
- Walsh, W.H. An Introduction to Philosophy of History. 1951.
- White, Hayden V. Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973).
- White, Hayden V. The Fiction of Narrative: Essays on History, Literature, and Theory, 1957–2007. (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010). Ed. Robert Doran.
- Gisi, Lucas Marco: Einbildungskraft und Mythologie. Die Verschränkung von Anthropologie und Geschichte im 18. Jahrhundert, Berlin, New York: de Gruyter, 2007.
- Vassallo, Christian: Rolling Sisyphus' Stone Uphill? Plato's Philosophy of History and Progress Reappraised, The Journal of Hellenic Studies 141, 2021, pp. 179–196.