職業過勞
外表
世界衞生組織(WHO)喺《ICD-11》入面,將職業過勞(occupational burnout)形容為一種同做工有關嘅現象,主要係因為長期工作壓力未能有效處理而造成。根據 WHO,相關症狀包括:「感到精力用盡或者極度之攰;對工作產生心理距離感,或者對工作抱有負面、好灰 同 cynical 嘅態度;以及工作效能下降 [1]。」
職業過勞歸類為一種職業現象,但 WHO 並冇將佢正式列為醫學或精神科嘅病 [2]。社會心理學家 Christina Maslach 同佢嘅研究團隊亦指出,過勞(burnout) 並唔係「一種單一、單向度嘅現象」[3]。 不過,歐洲部分國家嘅官方醫療機構就有將過勞視為一種醫療狀況 [4],而亦有部分醫護專業人士獨立承認佢屬於健康問題 [5]。
但另一方面,亦有唔少研究證據顯示,所謂嘅過勞,其實本質上係一種抑鬱狀態,即係同抑鬱症之間界線唔明顯,而且兩者有好多重疊之處 [6]。
引咗
[編輯]- ↑ "Burn-out an "occupational phenomenon": International Classification of Diseases". www.who.int (英文). 原先內容歸檔喺2021-10-23. 喺2023-11-09搵到.
- ↑ Bianchi, R., & Schonfeld, I. S. (2023). Examining the evidence base for burnout. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 101(11), 743–745.
- ↑ Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual (4th ed.). Menlo Park: Mind Garden, 2016.
- ↑ Lastovkova A, Carder M, Rasmussen HM, Sjoberg L, Groene GJ, Sauni R, 等 (April 2018). "Burnout syndrome as an occupational disease in the European Union: an exploratory study". Industrial Health. 56 (2): 160–165. Bibcode:2018IndHe..56..160L. doi:10.2486/indhealth.2017-0132. PMC 5889935. PMID 29109358.
In 9 countries (Denmark, Estonia, France, Hungary, Latvia, Netherlands, Portugal, and Slovakia) burnout syndrome may be acknowledged as an occupational disease. [emphasis added]
- ↑ van Dam A (2021-09-03). "A clinical perspective on burnout: diagnosis, classification, and treatment of clinical burnout". European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. 30 (5): 732–741. doi:10.1080/1359432X.2021.1948400. ISSN 1359-432X. S2CID 237829018.
- ↑ Schonfeld, I. S., & Bianchi, R. (2025). Breaking point: Job stress, occupational depression, and the myth of burnout. John Wiley. ISBN 978-1-394-24949-7