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蔊菜屬

出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書
兩棲蔊菜

蔊菜屬，草木一類，生物分類為十字花科一屬，或者現今再細分，歸芸薹亞科碎米薺族。唔計南極洲，佢啲物種分佈全球，所有大陸都有物種[1][2][3]。原生北半球，由歐亞同北美洲，遙遙散佈到南半球[3]。 一年生、多年生草本植物，味似胡椒似芥末，花黃色。

名

[編輯]

拉丁學名Rorippa，出自古高地德語rorip(a) 之類，原本指植物，生喺水邊、濕地。多數話水芥、水西洋菜之類。之後化成拉丁文，成為屬名。

描述

[編輯]

同擬南芥屬關係密切，成為研究各種生物學過程重要模式生物羣。研究人員利用佢去探討唔同發育現象，例如異形葉性[4][5]、雜草性[6][7][8]、營養再生[9][10][11]等。

異形葉性，指植物可以因應唔同環境，例如空氣中生長，浸喺水中，葉有唔同形態。呢種特性帶來解剖或生理上改變，從而幫助佢適應水陸兩棲[12]。

此外，佢用來研究種種抗逆機制，淹水[13][14][15][16][17][12][18]、重金屬[19][20]、高海拔[21][22]、草食動物尤其芥菜蚜蟲咁[23][24][25]。

舉例，兩棲蔊菜淹水，莖部伸長逃難[14]。而歐亞蔊菜 、濕生葶藶可以喺水中光合作用，會上傾生長，對重力作出正向生長反應，展現出靜止策略，不利環境下暫時降低活動水平[14][15]。

又用佢做研究生物入侵模式系統，主要集中喺演化[26][27]、生態[28][29]、歷史[1][30][31][32][33]咁。


生態

[編輯]

大多數\物種都適應潮濕、濕地，例如水溝、草地、水邊、濕地[28]，突顯對洪水非凡耐力[13]。有助用種籽用營養繁殖體，例如植物碎片，經洪水長短途擴散。果實連種子喺水面漂浮，保持活性長達六十日[28]水生、沼澤，往往同候鳥特別係涉禽，棲息地重疊[2]。鳥類有機會將種子、植物碎片帶到遠處，遠離原居建立新族羣。有適應特徵，種子表面有黏液層，又或中空，又可以自花授粉，又做無性繁殖[1]，都促進其長途擴散[3]。

物種出名喺受干擾潮濕地落腳，成為判斷好水植指標。美國國家濕地植物名錄，幾隻物種分類做濕地指標植物，好高機會出現喺必須同偏好濕地呢兩類。北美廿二隻中，五成半歸入必須濕地[28]，突顯同濕地非常密切關係。對於建立、復育、改善濕地，相當寶貴。

物種

[編輯]
歐亞蔊菜

視乎目錄，呢屬物種有七十五[34]到八十七[35][36]隻。七成屬多倍體，九成某大陸特有種[3]。有幾隻廣泛分佈，有入侵性嘅，有兩棲蔊菜、無瓣蔊菜、印度蔊菜、濕生葶藶、歐亞蔊菜。歐亞蔊菜全球都搵到，可謂世界上最成功雜草一員。

雜交種
歸入

攷

[編輯]
  1. 1 2 3 Jonsell, Bengt (1968). Studies in the North-West European species of Rorippa s.str. Uppsala, Sweden: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. 引用錯誤 無效嘅 <ref> 標籤；名稱為 ":1" 嘅引用被多次定義，但內容唔同。
  2. 1 2 Bleeker, W.; Weber-Sparenberg, C.; Hurka, H. (2002). "Chloroplast DNA Variation and Biogeography in the Genus Rorippa Scop. (Brassicaceae)". Plant Biology (英文). 4 (1): 104–111. Bibcode:2002PlBio...4..104B. doi:10.1055/s-2002-20442. ISSN 1438-8677. 引用錯誤 無效嘅 <ref> 標籤；名稱為 ":2" 嘅引用被多次定義，但內容唔同。
  3. 1 2 3 4 Han, Ting-Shen; Yu, Chih-Chieh; Zheng, Quan-Jing; Kimura, Seisuke; Onstein, Renske E.; Xing, Yao-Wu (2024). "Synergistic polyploidization and long-distance dispersal enable the global diversification of yellowcress herbs". Global Ecology and Biogeography (英文). 33 (3): 458–469. Bibcode:2024GloEB..33..458H. doi:10.1111/geb.13798. ISSN 1466-8238. 引用錯誤 無效嘅 <ref> 標籤；名稱為 ":0" 嘅引用被多次定義，但內容唔同。
  4. ↑ Nakayama, Hokuto; Kimura, Seisuke (2015-12-02). "Leaves may function as temperature sensors in the heterophylly of Rorippa aquatica (Brassicaceae)". Plant Signaling & Behavior. 10 (12). Bibcode:2015PlSiB..10E1909N. doi:10.1080/15592324.2015.1091909. ISSN 1559-2324. PMC 4854334. PMID 26367499.
  5. ↑ Nakayama, Hokuto; Nakayama, Naomi; Seiki, Sumer; Kojima, Mikiko; Sakakibara, Hitoshi; Sinha, Neelima; Kimura, Seisuke (December 2014). "Regulation of the KNOX-GA Gene Module Induces Heterophyllic Alteration in North American Lake Cress". The Plant Cell. 26 (12): 4733–4748. Bibcode:2014PlanC..26.4733N. doi:10.1105/tpc.114.130229. ISSN 1040-4651. PMC 4311196. PMID 25516600.
  6. ↑ Li, Ling-Zi; Xu, Zhou-Geng; Chang, Tian-Gen; Wang, Long; Kang, Heng; Zhai, Dong; Zhang, Lu-Yi; Zhang, Peng; Liu, Hongtao; Zhu, Xin-Guang; Wang, Jia-Wei (2023-01-18). "Common evolutionary trajectory of short life-cycle in Brassicaceae ruderal weeds". Nature Communications (英文). 14 (1): 290. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14..290L. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-35966-7. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 9849336. PMID 36653415.
  7. ↑ Bärring, Ulf (January 1986). "Rorippa sylvestris: A new troublesome weed in Swedish forest nurseries". Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. 1 (1–4): 265–269. Bibcode:1986SJFR....1..265B. doi:10.1080/02827588609382417. ISSN 0282-7581.
  8. ↑ Klimešová, Jitka; Sosnová, Monika; Martínková, Jana (2006-07-25). "Life-history variation in the short-lived herb Rorippa palustris: effect of germination date and injury timing". Plant Ecology. 189 (2): 237–246. doi:10.1007/s11258-006-9180-x. ISSN 1385-0237.
  9. ↑ Dietz, Hansjörg; Köhler, Alexander; Ullmann, Isolde (February 2002). "Regeneration growth of the invasive clonal forb Rorippa austriaca (Brassicaceae) in relation to fertilization and interspecific competition". Plant Ecology. 158 (2): 171–182. Bibcode:2002PlEco.158..171D. doi:10.1023/a:1015567316004. ISSN 1385-0237.
  10. ↑ Amano, Rumi; Nakayama, Hokuto; Momoi, Risa; Omata, Emi; Gunji, Shizuka; Takebayashi, Yumiko; Kojima, Mikiko; Ikematsu, Shuka; Ikeuchi, Momoko; Iwase, Akira; Sakamoto, Tomoaki (2019-10-25). "Molecular Basis for Natural Vegetative Propagation via Regeneration in North American Lake Cress, Rorippa aquatica (Brassicaceae)". Plant and Cell Physiology. 61 (2): 353–369. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcz202. ISSN 0032-0781. PMID 31651939.
  11. ↑ Xu, Kedong; Chang, Yunxia; Zhang, Yi; Liu, Kun; Zhang, Ju; Wang, Wei; Li, Zhanshuai; Wu, Jianxin; Ma, Shuya; Xin, Yuexing; Li, Chunjing (2016-01-22). "Rorippa indica Regeneration via Somatic Embryogenesis Involving Frog Egg-like Bodies Efficiently Induced by the Synergy of Salt and Drought Stresses". Scientific Reports. 6 (1). Bibcode:2016NatSR...619811X. doi:10.1038/srep19811. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4726193. PMID 26796345.
  12. 1 2 Koga, Hiroyuki; Ikematsu, Shuka; Kimura, Seisuke (2024-07-22). "Diving into the Water: Amphibious Plants as a Model for Investigating Plant Adaptations to Aquatic Environments". Annual Review of Plant Biology (英文). 75 (1): 579–604. doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-062923-024919. ISSN 1543-5008. PMID 38424069. 引用錯誤 無效嘅 <ref> 標籤；名稱為 ":9" 嘅引用被多次定義，但內容唔同。
  13. 1 2 Akman, Melis; Bhikharie, Amit V; Mustroph, Angelika; Sasidharan, Rashmi (2014-02-01). "Extreme flooding tolerance in Rorippa". Plant Signaling & Behavior. 9 (2). Bibcode:2014PlSiB...9E7847A. doi:10.4161/psb.27847. PMC 4091424. PMID 24525961. 引用錯誤 無效嘅 <ref> 標籤；名稱為 ":10" 嘅引用被多次定義，但內容唔同。
  14. 1 2 3 Stift, Marc; Luttikhuizen, Pieternella C.; Visser, Eric J.W.; Van Tienderen, Peter H. (2008). "Different flooding responses in Rorippa amphibia and Rorippa sylvestris, and their modes of expression in F1 hybrids". New Phytologist (英文). 180 (1): 229–239. Bibcode:2008NewPh.180..229S. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02547.x. ISSN 1469-8137. PMID 18631292. {{cite journal}}: |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  15. 1 2 van Veen, Hans; Müller, Jana T.; Bartylla, Malte M.; Akman, Melis; Sasidharan, Rashmi; Mustroph, Angelika (2024). "Phylotranscriptomics provides a treasure trove of flood-tolerance mechanisms in the Cardamineae tribe". Plant, Cell & Environment (英文). 47 (11): 4464–4480. Bibcode:2024PCEnv..47.4464V. doi:10.1111/pce.15033. ISSN 1365-3040. PMID 39012097. {{cite journal}}: |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  16. ↑ Sasidharan, Rashmi; Mustroph, Angelika; Boonman, Alex; Akman, Melis; Ammerlaan, Ankie M.H.; Breit, Timo; Schranz, M. Eric; Voesenek, Laurentius A.C.J.; van Tienderen, Peter H. (2013-09-27). "Root Transcript Profiling of Two Rorippa Species Reveals Gene Clusters Associated with Extreme Submergence Tolerance". Plant Physiology. 163 (3): 1277–1292. doi:10.1104/pp.113.222588. ISSN 0032-0889. PMC 3813650. PMID 24077074.
  17. ↑ Akman, Melis; Bhikharie, Amit V.; McLean, Elizabeth H.; Boonman, Alex; Visser, Eric J. W.; Schranz, M. Eric; van Tienderen, Peter H. (2012-04-11). "Wait or escape? Contrasting submergence tolerance strategies of Rorippa amphibia, Rorippa sylvestris and their hybrid". Annals of Botany. 109 (7): 1263–1276. doi:10.1093/aob/mcs059. ISSN 1095-8290. PMC 3359918. PMID 22499857.
  18. ↑ Ikematsu, Shuka; Umase, Tatsushi; Shiozaki, Mako; Nakayama, Sodai; Noguchi, Fuko; Sakamoto, Tomoaki; Hou, Hongwei; Gohari, Gholamreza; Kimura, Seisuke; Torii, Keiko U. (February 2023). "Rewiring of hormones and light response pathways underlies the inhibition of stomatal development in an amphibious plant Rorippa aquatica underwater". Current Biology. 33 (3): 543–556.e4. Bibcode:2023CBio...33E.543I. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.064. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 36696900.
  19. ↑ Sun, Ruilian; Jin, Caixia; Zhou, Qixing (2010-02-02). "Characteristics of cadmium accumulation and tolerance in Rorippa globosa (Turcz.) Thell., a species with some characteristics of cadmium hyperaccumulation". Plant Growth Regulation. 61 (1): 67–74. doi:10.1007/s10725-010-9451-3. ISSN 0167-6903.
  20. ↑ Wei, Shuhe; Li, Yunmeng; Zhan, Jie; Wang, Shanshan; Zhu, Jiangong (August 2012). "Tolerant mechanisms of Rorippa globosa (Turcz.) Thell. hyperaccumulating Cd explored from root morphology". Bioresource Technology. 118: 455–459. Bibcode:2012BiTec.118..455W. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.049. ISSN 0960-8524. PMID 22717563.
  21. ↑ Han, Ting-Shen; Hu, Zheng-Yan; Du, Zhi-Qiang; Zheng, Quan-Jing; Liu, Jia; Mitchell-Olds, Thomas; Xing, Yao-Wu (2022-09-01). "Adaptive responses drive the success of polyploid yellowcresses (Rorippa, Brassicaceae) in the Hengduan Mountains, a temperate biodiversity hotspot". Plant Diversity. 44 (5): 455–467. Bibcode:2022PlDiv..44..455H. doi:10.1016/j.pld.2022.02.002. ISSN 2468-2659. PMC 9512641. PMID 36187546.
  22. ↑ Du, Zhi-Qiang; Xing, Yao-Wu; Han, Ting-Shen (2024-05-30). "Effects of environment and genotype-by-environment interaction on phenotype of Rorippa elata (Brassicaceae), an endemic alpine plant in the Hengduan mountains". Journal of Plant Ecology. 17 (4). doi:10.1093/jpe/rtae048. ISSN 1752-993X.
  23. ↑ Bandopadhyay, Lekha; Basu, Debabrata; Sikdar, Samir Ranjan (2013-09-09). "Identification of Genes Involved in Wild Crucifer Rorippa indica Resistance Response on Mustard Aphid Lipaphis erysimi Challenge". PLOS ONE. 8 (9). Bibcode:2013PLoSO...873632B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073632. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3767759. PMID 24040008.
  24. ↑ Sarkar, Poulami; Jana, Kuladip; Sikdar, Samir Ranjan (2017-08-02). "Overexpression of biologically safe Rorippa indica defensin enhances aphid tolerance in Brassica juncea". Planta. 246 (5): 1029–1044. Bibcode:2017Plant.246.1029S. doi:10.1007/s00425-017-2750-4. ISSN 0032-0935. PMID 28770337.
  25. ↑ Marzouk, Mona Mohamed; Reda Hussein, Sameh; Elkhateeb, Ahmed; Mohamed Farid, Mai; Fawzy Ibrahim, Lamyaa; Abdel-Hameed, El-Sayed Saleh (August 2016). "Phenolic profiling of Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser (Brassicaceae) by LC-ESI-MS: Chemosystematic significance and cytotoxic activity". Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 6 (8): 633–637. doi:10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61100-3. ISSN 2222-1808.
  26. ↑ Bleeker, W. (2003-05-27). "Hybridization andRorippa austriaca(Brassicaceae) invasion in Germany". Molecular Ecology. 12 (7): 1831–1841. Bibcode:2003MolEc..12.1831B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01854.x. ISSN 0962-1083. PMID 12803635.
  27. ↑ Bleeker, W; Matthies, A (2005-04-20). "Hybrid zones between invasive Rorippa austriaca and native R. sylvestris (Brassicaceae) in Germany: ploidy levels and patterns of fitness in the field". Heredity. 94 (6): 664–670. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800687. ISSN 0018-067X. PMID 15940276.
  28. 1 2 3 4 Les, Donald H. (2018). Aquatic dicotyledons of North America: ecology, life history, and systematics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC press, Taylor & Francis group. ISBN 978-1-4822-2502-0. 引用錯誤 無效嘅 <ref> 標籤；名稱為 ":3" 嘅引用被多次定義，但內容唔同。
  29. ↑ Huberty, Martine; Tielbörger, Katja; Harvey, Jeffrey A.; Müller, Caroline; Macel, Mirka (April 2014). "Chemical Defenses (Glucosinolates) of Native and Invasive Populations of the Range Expanding Invasive Plant Rorippa austriaca". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 40 (4): 363–370. Bibcode:2014JCEco..40..363H. doi:10.1007/s10886-014-0425-1. ISSN 0098-0331. PMID 24752856.
  30. ↑ Stuckey, Ronald L. (1972). "Taxonomy and Distribution of the Genus Rorippa (cruciferae) in North America". SIDA, Contributions to Botany. 4 (4): 279–443. ISSN 0036-1488. JSTOR 41966420.
  31. ↑ Crone, Elizabeth E.; Gehring, Janet L. (1998). "Population Viability of Rorippa columbiae: Multiple Models and Spatial Trend Data". Conservation Biology (英文). 12 (5): 1054–1065. Bibcode:1998ConBi..12.1054C. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.97094.x. ISSN 1523-1739.
  32. ↑ Garnock-Jones, P. J. (March 1978). "Rorippa(Cruciferae, Arabideae) in New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 16 (1): 119–122. Bibcode:1978NZJB...16..119G. doi:10.1080/0028825x.1978.10429664. ISSN 0028-825X.
  33. ↑ Klimešová, Jitka; Martínková, Jana; Kočvarová, Marie (January 2004). "Biological flora of Central Europe: Rorippa palustris (L.) Besse". Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 199 (6): 453–463. Bibcode:2004FMDFE.199..453K. doi:10.1078/0367-2530-00173. ISSN 0367-2530.
  34. ↑ "Rorippa in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. 喺2026-05-05搵到.
  35. ↑ "Rorippa". ucjeps.berkeley.edu. 喺2026-05-05搵到.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  36. ↑ "Rorippa in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. 喺2026-05-05搵到.
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