File:James cagney promo photo.jpg

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摘要

描述 Studio publicity photo of actor James Cagney.
日期 未知日期
Unknown date
, based on appearance it is from the early 1930s
來源 [1]
作者 Warner Bros. Studio (work for hire)
許可
(重用呢個檔案)
English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote an actor.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[2], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."
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Public domain
This work is in the public domain because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1963, and although there may or may not have been a copyright notice, the copyright was not renewed. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart and the copyright renewal logs. Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (70 years p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 years p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 years p.m.a.), Mexico (100 years p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 years p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties.

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現時2018年3月11號 (日) 10:41響2018年3月11號 (日) 10:41嘅縮圖版本1,026 × 1,386（568 KB）Jacek Halickicut, jpg compression
2018年3月11號 (日) 10:39響2018年3月11號 (日) 10:39嘅縮圖版本1,280 × 1,600（195 KB）Jacek HalickiReverted to version as of 18:20, 12 February 2012 (UTC)
2012年6月15號 (五) 20:35響2012年6月15號 (五) 20:35嘅縮圖版本1,054 × 1,414（494 KB）Wikiwatcher1crop and clean
2012年2月12號 (日) 18:20響2012年2月12號 (日) 18:20嘅縮圖版本1,280 × 1,600（195 KB）Loeba{{Information |Description=Studio publicity photo of actor James Cagney. |Source=[http://verdoux.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/james-cagney.jpg] |Date=Unknown, based on appearance it is from the early 1930s |Author=[[:en:Warner Bros.|Wa

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