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Help:英文嘅國際音標讀音

出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書

以下嘅表格係按返國際音標嘅標準嚟話明，喺維基百科入面嘅英文讀音係噉嚟嘅：

想知多啲，請睇下英文嘅音標。

符號

[編輯]

（按小型大寫字母 small capitals 寫出嘅單字係基本詞類。單字 bath 同 cloth 都有兩種唔同嘅發音，分別係 /ɑː/ 同 /æ/，重有 /ɒ/ 同 /ɔː/）

輔音
讀音 例 粵語近字
b buy, cab
d dye, cad
ð thy, breathe, father
dʒ giant, badge, jam 朱
f phi, caff, fan 夫
ɡ (ɡ)[1] guy, bag
h high, ahead
j yes, yacht 已
k sky, crack
l lie, sly, gal
m my, smile, cam 唔
n nigh, snide, can
ŋ sang, sink, singer 吳
ŋɡ finger, anger
θ thigh, math 夫、
斯[2]
p pie, spy, cap
r rye, try, very[3]
s sigh, mass 斯
ʃ shy, cash, emotion 殊
t tie, sty, cat, atom
tʃ China, catch 廚
v vie, have
w wye, swine 胡
hw why[4]
z zoo, has 茲
ʒ pleasure, vision, beige[5] 語
邊緣輔音
x ugh, loch, Chanukah[6]
ʔ uh-oh /ˈʌʔoʊ/
元音
讀音 完全元音 粵語近字 ……後邊跟住 R[7][8] 粵語近字
ɑː palm, baht, father, bra 啊 ɑr start, bard, barn, snarl, star（/ɑːr./ 重可以）
ɒ lot, pod, John, doll[9] 柯 ɒr moral, forage
æ trap, pad, shall, ban ær barrow, marry
aɪ price, ride, file, fine, pie[10] 唉 aɪər fire (/aɪr./)[8]
aʊ mouth, loud, foul, down, how 詏 aʊər hour (/aʊr./)[8]
ɛ dress, bed, fell, men[11] 誒 ɛr error, merry[12]
eɪ face, made, fail, vein, pay 欸 ɛər square, scared, scarce, cairn, Mary (/eɪr./)[13][8]
ɪ kit, lid, fill, bin 衣，大過 ɪr mirror, Sirius
iː fleece, seed, feel, mean, sea 衣 ɪər near, beard, fierce, serious (/iːr./)
ɔː thought, Maud, dawn, fall, straw[14] 喎 ɔr north, born, for, aural (/ɔːr./)
ɔɪ choice, void, foil, coin, boy 愛 ɔɪər loir, coir (/ɔɪr./)[8]
oʊ goat, code, foal, bone, go[15] 奧 ɔər force, boar, more, oral (/oʊr./)[16] 柯亞
ʊ foot, good, full, woman ʊr courier
uː goose, food, fool, soon, chew 戶 ʊər boor, moor, tourist (/uːr./)[17]
juː cued, cute, mule, tune, queue[18] jʊər cure
ʌ strut, mud, dull, gun[19] 呃 ʌr borough, hurry
ɜr nurse, word, girl, fern, furry (/ɝː/)[20]
弱化元音
ə Rosa’s, a mission, comma ər letter, perform（/ɚ/ 重可以係）[20]
ɨ roses, emission[21] （ɪ 或 ə） ən button 銀
ɵ omission[22] （oʊ 或 ə） 律，韻核 əm rhythm 暗
ʉ beautiful, curriculum ([jʉ])[23] （ʊ 或 ə） 奧 əl bottle 奧
i happy, serious[24] （ɪ 或 iː） 伊 ᵊ, ⁱ （元音成日弱化成：nasturtium） 已
 
重音 音節劃分
讀音 例 讀音 例
ˈ intonation /ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/,[25]
battleship /ˈbætəlʃɪp/[26] 		. shellfish /ˈʃɛl.fɪʃ/, selfish /ˈsɛlf.ɨʃ/
nitrate /ˈnaɪ.treɪt/, night-rate /ˈnaɪt.reɪt/
hire /ˈhaɪər/, higher /ˈhaɪ.ər/
moai /ˈmoʊ.aɪ/, Windhoek /ˈvɪnt.hʊk/
Vancouveria /væn.kuːˈvɪəriə/[27]
ˌ

註

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  1. ↑ 如估‹ɡ›同‹›呢兩個符號都唔一樣，而且第一個字睇落去好似個‹γ›字嘅話，噉係你臺電腦嘅標準字體有問題，唔該睇埋渲染問題.
  2. ↑ 「夫」字係廣州同香港地區嘅譯音，而「斯」字譯音喺珠海同佛山地區同埋心母讀邊擦或者齒擦啲埞。
  3. ↑ 雖然話「[r]」呢個國際音標符號係有顫音，但喺英文界嘅讀音方面，大多數人都係用「/r/」符號嘅讀音，得好少人係用「/ɹ/」嘅讀音，除非喺大部分嘅英文抄寫情況先至用「/ɹ/」。
  4. ↑ 唔好將「/hw/」同「/w/」呢個讀音搞亂。因為「/w/」呢個讀音喺英文嘅方言入面係併入咗。想知多啲，睇吓英文嘅wh音變化。就好似英式公認發音同大多數嘅美式發音噉嘅區分。
  5. ↑ 就好似genre同garage呢一大堆嘅英文單詞，都唔係讀/ʒ/音就係/dʒ/音喇。
  6. ↑ 喺大部分嘅英文方言入面，/x/喺loch單詞成日讀成/k/音，而喺Chanukah係成日讀成/h/音。
  7. ↑ In non-rhotic accents like RP, /r/ is not pronounced unless followed by a vowel. In some Wikipedia articles, /ɪər/ etc. may not be distinguished from /ɪr/ etc. When they are distinguished, the long vowels are sometimes transcribed /iːr/ etc. by analogy with vowels not followed by /r/. These should be fixed to correspond with the chart here.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Note that many speakers distinguish monosyllabic triphthongs with R and disyllabic realizations: hour /ˈaʊər/ from plougher /ˈplaʊ.ər/, hire /ˈhaɪər/ from higher /ˈhaɪ.ər/, loir /ˈlɔɪər/ from employer /ɨmˈplɔɪ.ər/, mare /ˈmɛər/ from mayor /ˈmeɪ.ər/.
  9. ↑ 喺美式英文嘅方言讀音入面，千祈冇將/ɒ/音同/ɑː/音搞亂。想知多啲，睇吓英文嘅後重原音變化。
  10. ↑ Many speakers, for example in most of Canada, have a different vowel in price and ride. Generally, an [aɪ] is used at the ends of words and before voiced sounds, as in ride, file, fine, pie, while an [əɪ] is used before voiceless sounds, as in price and write. Because /t/ and /d/ are often conflated in the middle of words in these dialects, derivatives of these words, such as rider and writer, may be distinguished only by their vowel: [ˈɹʷaɪɾəɹ], [ˈɹʷəɪɾəɹ]. However, even though the value of /aɪ/ is not predictable in some words, such as spider [ˈspəɪɾəɹ],[未記出處或冇根據] dictionaries do not generally record it, so it has not been allocated a separate transcription here.
  11. ↑ Instead of ɛ, many dictionaries use /e/ as a simplification, in other words without actually intending this sound.[1][2][3]
  12. ↑ Instead of ɛ, many dictionaries use /e/ as a simplification, in other words without actually intending this sound.[4][5][6]
  13. ↑ The GenAm pronunciation is ɛr. Instead of using ɛ in RP ɛər and GenAm ɛr, many dictionaries use /e/ (eər in RP and er in GenAm) as a simplification, in other words without actually intending this sound.[7][8][9]
  14. ↑ /ɔː/ is not distinguished from /ɑː/ (except before /r/) in dialects with the cot-caught merger such as some varieties of GenAm.
  15. ↑ Commonly transcribed /əʊ/ or /oː/.
  16. ↑ /ɔər/ is not distinguished from /ɔr/ in dialects with the horse-hoarse merger, which include most dialects of modern English.
  17. ↑ /ʊər/ is not distinguished from /ɔr/ in dialects with the pour-poor merger, including many younger speakers.
  18. ↑ In dialects with yod-dropping, /juː/ is pronounced the same as /uː/ after coronal consonants (/t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /n/, /θ/, and /l/) in the same syllable, so that dew /djuː/ is pronounced the same as do /duː/. In dialects with yod-coalescence, /tj/, /dj/, /sj/ and /zj/ are pronounced /tʃ/, /dʒ/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/, so that the first syllable in Tuesday is pronounced the same as choose.
  19. ↑ This phoneme is not used in the northern half of England and some bordering parts of Wales. These words would take the ʊ vowel: there is no foot-strut split.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 In some articles /ɜr/ is transcribed as /ɝː/, and /ər/ as /ɚ/, when not followed by a vowel.
  21. ↑ Pronounced [ə] in Australian and many US dialects, and [ɪ] in Received Pronunciation. Many speakers freely alternate between a reduced [ɪ̈] and a reduced [ə]. Many phoneticians (vd. Olive & Greenwood 1993:322) and the OED use the pseudo-IPA symbol ɪ [10], and Merriam–Webster uses ə̇.
  22. ↑ Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /əʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries.
  23. ↑ Pronounced [ʊ] in many dialects, [ə] in others. Many speakers freely alternate between a reduced [ʊ̈] and a reduced [ə]. The OED uses the pseudo-IPA symbol ʊ [11].
  24. ↑ Pronounced /iː/ in dialects with the happy tensing, /ɪ/ in other dialects. British convention used to transcribe it with /ɪ/, but the OED and other influential dictionaries recently converted to /i/.
  25. ↑ It is arguable that there is no phonemic distinction in English between primary and secondary stress (vd. Ladefoged 1993), but it is conventional to notate them as here.
  26. ↑ Full vowels following a stressed syllable, such as the ship in battleship, are marked with secondary stress in some dictionaries (Merriam-Webster), but not in others (the OED). Such syllables are not actually stressed.
  27. ↑ Syllables are indicated sparingly, where necessary to avoid confusion, for example to break up sequences of vowels (moai) or consonant clusters which an English speaker might misread as a digraph (Vancouveria, Windhoek).
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