聯合國大會181號決議

出自維基百科,自由嘅百科全書
UN General Assembly
Resolution 181 (II)
日期1947年11月29號
決議號碼128
程式碼A/RES/181(II) ([1])
總結
  • 33贊成
  • 13反對
  • 10棄權
結果通過

聯合國大會181號決議,又叫做聯合國巴勒斯坦分割決議,係一個聯合國大會嘅決議,喺1947年11月29號正式通過。呢份決議計劃為英屬巴勒斯坦完結之後,分割當地嘅領土,創造一個阿拉伯國家同埋一個猶太國家,而耶路撒冷同埋周邊地區就會係由一個國際組織嚟監管[1]

喺份決議入面,分割之後嘅兩個國家會有貿易聯繫[2],亦都會有對少數族裔同埋宗教自由嘅權利保障[3][4]。兩個國家嘅土地分配之中,有56% 嘅地去咗猶太國家,42% 去咗阿拉伯國家,2% 去咗耶路撒冷地區[2]

反應[編輯]

由於兩邊嘅民族主義都非常強勁,所以呢份決議都帶嚟咗唔少嘅爭議。例如,有親巴勒斯坦團體認爲,份決議太過親猶太方面,因爲雖然當地猶太人口只係大約 1/3,但係猶太國家攞到56%嘅地[5][6]。但係其實,猶太國家嘅地有唔少只不過係內蓋夫沙漠,所以實際上並冇好大嘅利益。除此之外,根據當時嘅人口數據,決議嘅阿拉伯國家入面幾乎冇任何猶太人嘅人口(80萬阿拉伯人、1萬猶太人),但係猶太國入面有差唔多一半都係阿拉伯人(50萬猶太人、40萬阿拉伯人)[7]

當地嘅猶太人一般都支持呢份決議[8],而猶太復國主義領袖都接受議案[9],但係仍然有擴大猶太控制地區嘅意願[10][11][12][13][14][15]

相反,阿拉伯方面嘅阿拉伯聯盟就拒絕咗呢份議案。佢哋聲稱因爲當地無論係人口抑或係私有財產[16][15],都係由阿拉伯人佔大多數,所以佢哋應該有民族自決嘅權利[4][17]。佢哋反對任何嘗試分割巴勒斯坦人嘅土地嘅計劃[15],所以一定會堅決阻止呢份議案嘅實行[18][19][20][21]

因爲阿拉伯方面嘅反對,呢份決議並冇平息到當地嘅種族衝突。衝突其後演變成為第一次中東戰爭[22],所以呢份決議最終都冇實行到[23]

睇埋[編輯]

[編輯]

  1. "A/RES/181(II) of 29 November 1947". United Nations General Assembly. 原著喺10 October 2017歸檔. 喺4 January 2018搵到.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Galina Nikitina (1973). The State of Israel: A Historical, Economic and Political Study. Progress Publishers. p. 56.
  3. "United Nations Special Committee on Palestine: Report to the General Assembly: Volume 1". 3 September 1947. p. 51. A/364(SUPP). 喺20 April 2017搵到.
  4. 4.0 4.1 The Question of Palestine and the UN, "The Jewish Agency accepted the resolution despite its dissatisfaction over such matters as Jewish emigration from Europe and the territorial limits set on the proposed Jewish State."
  5. "UN Partition of Palestine". BBC. 喺2023-10-23搵到.
  6. Ben-Dror, Elad (2007). "The Arab Struggle against Partition: The International Arena of Summer 1947". Middle Eastern Studies. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 43 (2): 259–260. doi:10.1080/00263200601114117. ISSN 0026-3206. JSTOR 4284540. S2CID 143853008.
  7. "Framing the Partition Plan for Palestine". www.thecairoreview.com. 20 March 2022. 喺2024-01-31搵到.
  8. "U.N.O. PASSES PALESTINE PARTITION PLAN". The Newcastle Herald. NSW: National Library of Australia. 1 December 1947. p. 1. 喺24 October 2014搵到.
  9. "1923-1948: Nationalism, immigration, and "economic absorptive capacity"".
  10. David McDowall (1990). Palestine and Israel: The Uprising and Beyond. I.B. Tauris. p. 193. ISBN 9780755612581.
  11. Sean F. McMahon (2010). The Discourse of Palestinian-Israeli Relations. Routledge. p. 40.
  12. Michael Palumbo (1990). Imperial Israel : the history of the occupation of the West Bank and Gaza. Bloomsbury. p. 19. ISBN 9780747504894.
  13. Simha Flapan (1988). The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities. Pantheon. pp. 13–53. ISBN 978-0-679-72098-0.
  14. "Benny Morris's Shocking Interview". History News Network.
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 Benny Morris (2008). 1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war. Yale University Press. pp. 66–75. ISBN 978-0-300-12696-9. 喺2013年7月24號搵到.
  16. Eugene Rogan (2012). The Arabs: A History – Third Edition. Penguin. p. 321. ISBN 978-0-7181-9683-7.
  17. Sami Hadawi, Bitter Harvest: A Modern History of Palestine, Olive Branch Press, (1989)1991 p.76.
  18. Perkins, Kenneth J.; Gilbert, Martin (1999). "Israel: A History". The Journal of Military History. 63 (3): 149. doi:10.2307/120539. ISSN 0899-3718. JSTOR 120539.
  19. Best, Antony (2004), International History of the Twentieth Century and beyond, Routledge, p. 531, doi:10.4324/9781315739717-1, ISBN 978-1-315-73971-7, 喺2022-06-29搵到
  20. Live by the Sword: Israel's Struggle for Existence in the Holy Land, James Rothrock, p.14
  21. Lenczowski, G. (1962). The Middle East in World Affairs (3rd Edition). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 723
  22. Walid Khalidi; Ian Bickerton. "History of Palestine". 大英百科全書.
  23. Itzhak Galnoor (1995). The Partition of Palestine: Decision Crossroads in the Zionist Movement. SUNY Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-0-7914-2193-2. 喺2012年7月3號搵到.