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偷歡

出自維基百科,自由嘅百科全書
(由偷食跳轉過嚟)
受刑

偷歡偷食(tau1 sik6)、出軌(ceot1 gwai2)、不忠偷情,講人有配偶,喺情感,喺性事,搵配偶以外嘅人搞,唔獨忠自己配偶。兩性來講,有婦之夫出面搞,有夫之婦出面搞[1]。涉及法律,就叫通姦

女人背住自己老公同第二個男人搞叫「戴綠帽」,男人背住自己嘅老婆同第二個女人一齊嘅叫「包二奶」。娛樂圈入面比較出名嘅偷食事件就係安心偷食事件

為咗維持地方家庭秩序,以至社會秩序,咁唔合禮儀,呢種行為都唔合道德,有時會引起問題,例如野種。有啲地方會好嚴厲,會視為犯罪,唐人舊時浸豬籠,其他社會都有類似,好似石刑咁。喺現代社會,雖然視為唔道德,婚外情唔會犯上刑責。而且歐美社會,好多人暗啞底有犯[2]。但若果政治名流,就算過咗骨,大眾亦唔多受,例如美國總統克林頓萊溫斯基。而不忠人自己,都可能有心理上唔好受[3]

男女之別

[編輯]

研究一直都話男人普遍係多過女人嘅 [4]。 無論係結咗婚、同居定拍拖,男人報告自己有出軌嘅比例通常都高啲 [5][6]。 以前好多學者會用進化論去解釋,話男人天生會想多啲性機會去「傳宗接代」,而女人就傾向穩定關係,因為要顧生育同養育 [6][7]

但近年啲研究就開始覺得,唔可以淨係用進化去解釋晒 [8]。其實仲有其他因素,例如權力、經濟能力,同埋性格(好似鍾意刺激、冒險嗰啲人)。 例如有啲研究發現,如果女人經濟獨立、地位高,其實佢哋出軌嘅機會都會高啲 [9]。 另外,如果將「鍾意刺激」呢個因素計埋入去,男女之間 出軌率 嘅 差異 甚至 唔存在 [8]

至於妒忌方面,都有爭議 [10][4][5]。有啲研究話男人通常會更加介意伴侶同人有性關係,而女人就更加介意對方有感情 [10]。但亦都有學者反對,覺得男女其實未必真係有咁大分別 [5][6]

其中一個問題係研究方法 [11]。 好多支持男女有分別嘅研究,都用一種「二選一」問卷(例如一定要揀 性偷食感情出軌 邊樣更傷)[12]。 但有人批評,呢種方法可能會逼人揀,令結果唔準確 [13]。因為用其他方法做研究時,結果其實好唔一致 [10]

所以有啲人提出其他解釋,例如「依附風格」(attachment style)[14]。即係話,一個人點樣面對出軌,可能同佢點樣建立關係有關,多過同佢係男定女有關 [15]。例如,安全感 高嘅人通常會更介意感情出軌,而比較逃避親密關係嘅人就會更介意 性偷食 [16]。而因為男人平均上多啲屬於後者,咁就可能解釋到點解會見到性別差異 [15]

另外,社會文化都好重要 [17]。 男女由細到大點樣受教、期望,都會影響佢哋點睇 出軌 同 妒忌 [17]。 所以有啲研究者覺得,呢啲社會因素可能比進化論更加重要 [17]

最後,仲有啲新研究提到,基因都可能有影響,例如某啲基因同女性出軌傾向有關,但對男性就未必一樣 [18]

[編輯]
  1. Weeks, Gerald R; Gambescia, Nancy; Jenkins, Robert E (2003). Treating Infidelity: Therapeutic Dilemmas and Effective Strategies. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. pp. ix. ISBN 978-0-393-70388-7. OCLC 52838917. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  2. Greeley, Andrew (1994-05-01). "Marital infidelity". Society (英文). 31 (4): 9–13. doi:10.1007/BF02693241. ISSN 1936-4725.
  3. "How Infidelity Causes Post Traumatic Stress Disorder | Psychology Today". www.psychologytoday.com (美國英文). 喺2026-03-31搵到.
  4. 1 2 DeSteno, D.; Bartlett, M. Y.; Braverman, J.; Salovey, P. (2002). "Sex differences in jealousy: Evolutionary mechanism or artifact of measurement?" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 83 (5): 1103–1116. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.616.5778. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.5.1103. PMID 12416915. S2CID 10537789. 原著 (PDF)喺2018-07-30歸檔.
  5. 1 2 3 Buss, D. M.; Larsen, R. J.; Westen, D.; Semmelroth, J. (1992). "Sex Differences in Jealousy—Evolution, Physiology, and Psychology". Psychological Science. 3 (4): 251–255. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00038.x. S2CID 27388562.
  6. 1 2 3 Miller, S. L.; Maner, J. K. (2009). "Sex differences in response to sexual versus emotional infidelity: The moderating role of individual differences". Personality and Individual Differences. 46 (3): 287–291. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.013.
  7. Murphy, S. M.; Vallacher, R. R.; Shackelford, T. K.; Bjorklund, D. F.; Yunger, J. L. (2006). "Relationship experience as a predictor of romantic jealousy". Personality and Individual Differences. 40 (4): 761–769. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.09.004.
  8. 1 2 Lalasz, C. B.; Weigel, D. J. (2011). "Understanding the relationship between gender and extradyadic relations: The mediating role of sensation seeking on intentions to engage in sexual infidelity". Personality and Individual Differences. 50 (7): 1079–1083. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.029.
  9. Lammers, J.; Stoker, J. I.; Jordan, J.; Pollmann, M.; Stapel, D. A. (2011). "Power increases infidelity among men and women". Psychological Science. 22 (9): 1191–1197. doi:10.1177/0956797611416252. PMID 21771963. S2CID 11385458.
  10. 1 2 3 Sagarin, B. J. (2005). "Reconsidering evolved sex differences in jealousy: Comment on Harris (2003)". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 9 (1): 62–75. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0901_5. PMID 15745865. S2CID 10951706.
  11. Harris, C. R. (2003). "A review of sex differences in sexual jealousy, including self-report data, psychophysiological responses, interpersonal violence, and morbid jealousy". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 7 (2): 102–128. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0702_102-128. PMID 12676643. S2CID 7357390.
  12. Buunk, B. P.; Angleitner, A.; Oubaid, V.; Buss, D. M. (1996). "Sex differences in jealousy in evolutionary and cultural perspective: Tests from the Netherlands, Germany, and the United States". Psychological Science. 7 (6): 359–363. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00389.x. S2CID 27485391.
  13. Harris, C. R. (2003). "A review of sex differences in sexual jealousy, including self-report data, psychophysiological responses, interpersonal violence, and morbid jealousy". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 7 (2): 102–128. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0702_102-128. PMID 12676643. S2CID 7357390.
  14. Levy, K. N.; Blatt, S. J.; Shaver, P. R. (1998). "Attachment styles and parental representations". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 74 (2): 407–419. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.2.407.
  15. 1 2 Levy, K. N.; Kelly, K. M. (2010). "Sex differences in jealousy A contribution from attachment theory". Psychological Science. 21 (2): 168–173. doi:10.1177/0956797609357708. PMID 20424039. S2CID 206584973.
  16. Levy, K. N.; Kelly, K. M. (2010). "Sex differences in jealousy A contribution from attachment theory". Psychological Science. 21 (2): 168–173. doi:10.1177/0956797609357708. PMID 20424039. S2CID 206584973.
  17. 1 2 3 Ward, J.; Voracek, M. (2004). "Evolutionary and social cognitive explanations of sex differences in romantic jealousy". Australian Journal of Psychology. 56 (3): 165–171. doi:10.1080/00049530412331283381.
  18. Zietsch, Brendan P.; Westberg, Lars; Santtila, Pekka; Jern, Patrick (2015). "Genetic analysis of human extrapair mating: heritability, between-sex correlation, and receptor genes for vasopressin and oxytocin" (PDF). Evolution & Human Behavior. 36 (2): 130–136. Bibcode:2015EHumB..36..130Z. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.10.001. We find strong genetic effects on extrapair mating in women and, for the first time, in men.