Artemis 3
Artemis 3（正式名：Artemis III）係Artemis 計劃入面首隻載人登月任務，亦都係Starship HLS登陸器嘅第一次載人航程。[1][2] Artemis 3 計劃喺2024年10月發射，屆時係第二隻載人嘅Artemis任務，亦都係跟1972年阿波羅17號之後首次嘅載人登月。[3]
概述
[編輯]
Artemis III 計劃係降落一隻成員喺月球嘅南極區域。[4] 接續計劃喺月球表面有兩名太空人停留大約一星期。[5] 隻任務旨在成為第一隻有女性登月嘅任務。[6] 最多四名太空人會坐Orion MPCV誃離地球，之後地表任務使到人類降落系統 (HLS) 嘅會由兩隻成員組成，佢哋會喺地表上停留 6.5日。 剩低嘅太空人會留喺 Orion。 兩位太空人會進行多至四次行路太空在月球表面，並進行各種科學觀測，包括採樣畀水冰。Artemis III 降落之前，一啲額外設備會預先得放置在地表，包括一隻無壓嘅漫遊車，等太空人得使用喺旅行在月球嗰陣。 隻漫遊車允許俾人遙控。有幾隻區域永遠陰暗嘅處於 5至15公里（3.1至9.3英里）之間，憑短途旅行到達得到，細過漫遊車嘅範圍。[7]
太空船
[編輯]太空發射系統
[編輯]太空發射系統（Space Launch System）係一種超重型發射器，攞來發射Orion太空船跟地球來去到一隻跨月球軌道。
Orion
[編輯]Orion係部載具做人員運輸嘅，所有Artemis載人駕駛任務都會使到。 佢會捉船員跟地球運到Gateway軌道，又送佢哋返地球。
Gateway
[編輯]Gateway係一隻細型嘅模塊空間站，設立喺Artemis 3任務之前喺Near-rectilinear halo orbit（NRHO，近直線環軌）。HLS與及Orion都會停泊到隻Gateway做人員轉移。 為減輕影響畀到時可能有嘅走趲喺日程，Artemis 3 任務嘸依賴 Gateway。如果冇辦法使到 Gateway，太空人會直接轉移跟Orion去到HLS。
Starship HLS
[編輯]2021年4月16號，美國太空總署揀選到 SpaceX 來開發Starship HLS 並發送佢到門戶軌道喺船員到達之前，等得用喺Artemis 3任務。場發送需要Starship HLS 得到加油在低地軌道（LEO）喺升到NRHO之前，而種加油需要預置一隻推油庫在低地軌道，隻由多次發射補油機補充嘅。 兩名太空人會跟Orion轉移到Starship HLS，隻會降到月球表面並支援佢哋幾日，然之後捉佢哋帶返 Orion。
進展
[編輯]喺2017年12月，得到批准自特朗普政府畀太空政策指令1（Space Policy Directive 1）之後，一項載人月球行動開始得到設立，隻後來又得喊做Artemis計劃嘅，使用到Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle（Orion MPCV）同埋一隻太空站在月球軌道。隻任務原名探索任務-3 (EM-3)，目標係送四名太空人入月球嘅一條近直線環軌，並送 ESPRIT 同 U.S. Utilization Module 到隻月球空間站，即係Gateway。[8] 之不過到2019年5月，ESPRIT 同埋隻而今喊做 HALO 嘅 U.S. Utilization Module 着重新用過，用到一隻載具係發射畀商業項目嘅上面。根據現時嘅公告，Artemis 3 着重新用過嚟加速 Artemis 計劃等喺 2024 年底有第一趟載人登月，其中有簡介講到 Orion MPCV 會會合佮到一隻 Gateway 係最精簡、組成上只有隻能源同推進元件（Power and Propulsion Element）同埋一隻細型生活艙/對接頭附帶有部商業化登月器喊做Human Landing System（HLS）。[9]
到2020年初，Orion與及HLS會合佮埋Gateway嘅計劃着放棄，等好支持獨立操演Orion同埋HS，以及等Gateway發展得獨立於Artemis計劃。[10][11]
2021年8月10號，一檢察長辦公室嘅審計做報告得出結論，太空服嘸會喺2025年4月之前準備得好，可能會有推遲畀任務發射日期即預計嘅2024年底。[12]
2021年11月9號，美國太空總署管理 Bill Nelson 確認，Artemis III會嘸早於2025年進行。[3]
考
[編輯]- ↑ Artemis : brand book (報告). Washington, D.C.: NASA. 2019. NP-2019-07-2735-HQ.
MISSION NAMING CONVENTION. While Apollo mission patches used numbers and roman numerals throughout the program, Artemis mission names will use a roman numeral convention.
- ↑ Potter, Sean (2022-03-23). "NASA Provides Update to Astronaut Moon Lander Plans Under Artemis". NASA. 喺2022-03-23搵到.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Foust, Jeff (9 November 2021). "NASA delays human lunar landing to at least 2024". SpaceNews. 喺9 November 2021搵到.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Chang, Kenneth (25 May 2019). "For Artemis Mission to Moon, NASA Seeks to Add Billions to Budget". 原先內容歸檔喺25 May 2019. 喺25 May 2019搵到.
Under the NASA plan, a mission to land on the Moon would take place during the third launch of the Space Launch System. Astronauts, including the first woman to walk on the Moon, Jim Bridenstine said, would first stop at the orbiting lunar outpost. They would then take a lander to the surface near its south pole, where frozen water exists within the craters.
- ↑ Foust, Jeff (21 July 2019). "NASA outlines plans for lunar lander development through commercial partnerships". SpaceNews. 原先內容歸檔喺1 October 2021. 喺17 July 2020搵到.
- ↑ "NASA unveils schedule for 'Artemis' 2024 Moon mission". France24. 23 May 2019. 原先內容歸檔喺1 December 2020. 喺21 July 2019搵到.
- ↑ Berger, Eric (29 October 2019). "NASA shares details of lunar surface missions—and they're pretty cool". Ars Technica. 原先內容歸檔喺30 March 2021. 喺17 July 2020搵到.
- ↑ Sloss, Philip (4 December 2017). "NASA evaluates EM-2 launch options for Deep Space Gateway PPE". NASASpaceFlight.com. 原先內容歸檔喺9 August 2019. 喺2 March 2018搵到.
- ↑ Grush, Loren (17 May 2019). "NASA administrator on new Moon plan: "We're doing this in a way that's never been done before"". The Verge. 原先內容歸檔喺4 July 2020. 喺17 July 2020搵到.
- ↑ Gohd, Chelsea (16 March 2020). "NASA's "critical path" to the Moon no longer requires a lunar Gateway: Report". Space.com. 原先內容歸檔喺16 May 2020. 喺16 May 2020搵到.
NASA has removed the Lunar Gateway from its "critical path" to return humans to the Moon by 2024, according to a SpaceNews report.
- ↑ Foust, Jeff (14 May 2020). "NASA refines plans for launching Gateway and other Artemis elements". SpaceNews. 原先內容歸檔喺16 May 2020. 喺16 May 2020搵到.
... Loverro reiterated previous statements that the Gateway will not be used for the Artemis 3 mission that will attempt to land humans on the Moon to "make that mission have a higher probability of success"
- ↑ "NASA's development of next-generation spacesuits" (PDF). 10 August 2021. 原先內容歸檔 (PDF)喺10 August 2021. 喺10 August 2021搵到.
... the suits would not be ready for flight until April 2025 at the earliest ... a lunar landing in late 2024 as NASA currently plans is not feasible.