傅科擺

喺法國巴黎先賢祠入面嘅傅科擺

傅科擺（粵拼：fu6 fo1 baai2）係測試地球自轉嘅儀器，喺公元1351年由法國物理學家里容·傅科發明。雖然人類已經知道咗地球自轉好耐，但係傅科擺係第一個簡單嘅實驗可以證明呢件事。現時，有好多科學館同大學都有擺傅科擺，作為擺設。

發明

公元1351年，法國物理學家里容·傅科喺萬神廟（今日嘅先賢祠）嘅圓頂掛咗條長67米嘅繩，繩下面綁住重28公斤嘅擺錘，擺錘下面係大沙盤。如果擺錘喐咗下，指針識喺沙盤上邊劃偏離原先嘅運動軌跡。傅科用呢種方法嚟測試地球嘅自轉。

原理

由於傅科擺嘅繩喺懸點接觸面上兼隨便轉好多次，所以佢有動力大、阻力細、持續時間比較耐等特點。旋轉方向喺南北半球都唔一樣，其中北半球係順時針，南半球係逆時針。佢之所以有噉嘅轉動，係因為地球自轉而造成。

睇埋

• 自轉

參考資料

書目

• Classical dynamics of particles and systems, 4ed, Marion Thornton (ISBN 0-03-097302-3 ), P.398-401.
• V. I. Arnold, Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics, Springer-Verlag (1989), ISBN 0-387-96890-3, p.123

出面網頁

• Persson, A. The Coriolis Effect: Four centuries of conflict between common sense and mathematics, Part I: A history to 1885 History of Meteorology 2 (2005)
• Phillips, N. A., What Makes the Foucault Pendulum Move among the Stars? Science and Education, Volume 13, Number 7, November 2004, pp. 653-661(9)
• Julian Rubin, The Invention of the Foucault Pendulum, Following the Path of Discovery, 2007, retrieved 2007-10-31. Directions for repeating Foucault's experiment, on amateur science site.
• Wolfe, Joe, "A derivation of the precession of the Foucault pendulum".
• "The Foucault Pendulum", derivation of the precession in polar coordinates.
• "The Foucault Pendulum" By Joe Wolfe, with film clip and animations.
• "Foucault's Pendulum" by Jens-Peer Kuska with Jeff Bryant, Wolfram Demonstrations Project: a computer model of the pendulum allowing manipulation of pendulum frequency, Earth rotation frequency, latitude, and time.
• "Webcam Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg".
• California academy of sciences, CA Foucault pendulum explanation, in friendly format
• Foucault pendulum model Exposition including a tabletop device that shows the Foucault effect in seconds.
• Foucault, M. L., Physical demonstration of the rotation of the Earth by means of the pendulum, Franklin Institute, 2000, retrieved 2007-10-31. Translation of his paper on Foucault pendulum.
• Tobin, William "The Life and Science of Léon Foucault".
• "South Pole Foucault Pendulum". Winter, 2001.