冷淡

冷淡（apathy，又嗌冷漠）係指對一樣嘢冇感覺、唔在意、冇興趣嘅感受 ^[1]。可能包括抑制關心、興奮、動力或熱情等情緒。冷漠嘅人對情感、社交、精神、哲學、虛擬或現實生活等方面都可能缺乏興趣或關心，本質上亦可理解成缺乏目標導向嘅狀態。

冷漠嘅人可能會缺乏人生目標、價值感或意義感，而嚴重情況下會導致生活質素下降，同時增加死亡風險，同提早需要入院嘅機會 ^[1]；亦可能出現反應遲鈍或精神呆滯等情況 ^[2]。

喺正向心理學中，apathy有時被理解為個體覺得自己缺乏應對挑戰所需技能（即未能進入「心流」狀態），或者認為挑戰本身無意義，甚至出現學習性無助感。呢種狀態通常係短期，但亦可能變成長期甚至終身，並引發更深層嘅社會同心理問題 ^[3]。同時，冷淡應該同「情感表達減少」分開，因為後者只係情緒表達減弱，但情緒本身未必減少。

病理性冷漠係更嚴重形式，已發現出現喺多種腦疾病之中 ^[4]，包括阿茲海默症 ^[5]、柏金遜症^[6]同精神分裂症等^[7]。雖然好多患者同時有抑鬱症狀，但研究顯示兩者可以分開出現：冷漠可以獨立於抑鬱存在，反之亦然 ^[4]。

引文

1 2 Fahed M, Steffens DC (May 2021). "Apathy: Neurobiology, Assessment and Treatment". Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience. 19 (2): 181–189. doi:10.9758/cpn.2021.19.2.181. PMC 8077060. PMID 33888648.
↑ "Apathy". Cleveland Clinic (英文). 喺2023-12-30搵到.
↑ Pishghadam, Reza; Faribi, Maryam; Kolahi Ahari, Mahtab; Shadloo, Farzaneh; Gholami, Mohammad Javad; Shayesteh, Shaghayegh (2022-08-29). "Intelligence, emotional intelligence, and emo-sensory intelligence: Which one is a better predictor of university students' academic success?". Frontiers in Psychology. 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.995988. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 9465416. PMID 36106040.
1 2 Husain M, Roiser JP (August 2018). "Neuroscience of apathy and anhedonia: a transdiagnostic approach" (PDF). Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 19 (8): 470–484. doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0029-9. PMID 29946157. S2CID 49428707.
↑ Nobis L, Husain M (August 2018). "Apathy in Alzheimer's disease". Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. 22: 7–13. doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.12.007. PMC 6095925. PMID 30123816.
↑ den Brok, Melina G. H. E.; van Dalen, Jan Willem; van Gool, Willem A.; Moll van Charante, Eric P.; de Bie, Rob M. A.; Richard, Edo (May 2015). "Apathy in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Movement Disorders. 30 (6): 759–769. doi:10.1002/mds.26208. ISSN 1531-8257. PMID 25787145. S2CID 35664376.
↑ Bortolon C, Macgregor A, Capdevielle D, Raffard S (September 2018). "Apathy in schizophrenia: A review of neuropsychological and neuroanatomical studies". Neuropsychologia. 118 (Pt B): 22–33. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.033. PMID 28966139. S2CID 13411386.

外拎

The Roots of Apathy – Essay By David O. Solmitz
Apathy – McMan's Depression and Bipolar Web, by John McManamy

呢篇同心理學相關嘅文係楔位文。歡迎幫維基百科擴寫佢。

[Fahed_2021-1] 1 2 Fahed M, Steffens DC (May 2021). "Apathy: Neurobiology, Assessment and Treatment". Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience. 19 (2): 181–189. doi:10.9758/cpn.2021.19.2.181. PMC 8077060. PMID 33888648.

[:1-2] "Apathy". Cleveland Clinic (英文). 喺2023-12-30搵到.

[3] Pishghadam, Reza; Faribi, Maryam; Kolahi Ahari, Mahtab; Shadloo, Farzaneh; Gholami, Mohammad Javad; Shayesteh, Shaghayegh (2022-08-29). "Intelligence, emotional intelligence, and emo-sensory intelligence: Which one is a better predictor of university students' academic success?". Frontiers in Psychology. 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.995988. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 9465416. PMID 36106040.

[HusainRoiser2018-4] 1 2 Husain M, Roiser JP (August 2018). "Neuroscience of apathy and anhedonia: a transdiagnostic approach" (PDF). Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 19 (8): 470–484. doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0029-9. PMID 29946157. S2CID 49428707.

[NobisHusainAD-5] Nobis L, Husain M (August 2018). "Apathy in Alzheimer's disease". Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. 22: 7–13. doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.12.007. PMC 6095925. PMID 30123816.

[den_Brok_759–769-6] Brok, Melina G. H. E.; van Dalen, Jan Willem; van Gool, Willem A.; Moll van Charante, Eric P.; de Bie, Rob M. A.; Richard, Edo (May 2015). "Apathy in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Movement Disorders. 30 (6): 759–769. doi:10.1002/mds.26208. ISSN 1531-8257. PMID 25787145. S2CID 35664376.

[7] Bortolon C, Macgregor A, Capdevielle D, Raffard S (September 2018). "Apathy in schizophrenia: A review of neuropsychological and neuroanatomical studies". Neuropsychologia. 118 (Pt B): 22–33. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.033. PMID 28966139. S2CID 13411386.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]