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加新連結
出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書

寫維基百科時經常需要參考網絡上嘅各種資源，所以多用呢個模可以將所參考嘅來源記低，以便瀏覽者同之後嘅編者搵到呢啲來源資料。

呢個模係用來列明維基條目中非新聞來源 嘅（引用新聞請睇{{引新聞}}）。

模用法

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常用格式

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常用格式（帶有當前查閱日期）

{{Cite web |url= |title= |accessdate=2024-11-05 |work= |publisher= |date= }}

使用作者姓名參數（名喺前，姓喺後）同共同作者參數（帶有當前查閱日期）

{{Cite web |url= |title= |accessdate=2024-11-05 |last= |first= |coauthors= |date= |work= |publisher=}}

使用作者參數（帶有當前查閱日期）

{{Cite web |url= |title= |accessdate=2024-11-05 |author= |date= |work= |publisher=}}

使用非連式查閱日期格式同最終作者、最初作者參數

{{Cite web |url= |title= |accessmonthday= |accessyear= |last= |first= |date= |work= |publisher= }}

使用非連式查閱日期格式同作者參數

{{Cite web |url= |title= |accessmonthday= |accessyear= |author= |date= |work= |publisher= }}

全部參數

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呢個模參數可打橫亦可打豎排列，使用時複製下邊嘅文字，並刪除唔需要嘅參數。

打橫排列嘅全部參數
{{Cite web |url= |title= |accessdate=2024-11-05 |accessmonthday= |accessdaymonth= |accessyear= |author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher= |pages= |language= |doi= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}
打豎排列嘅全部參數
{{Cite web
|url= 
|title= 
|accessdate= 
|accessdaymonth= 
|accessmonthday= 
|accessyear= 
|author= 
|last= 
|first= 
|authorlink= 
|coauthors= 
|date= 
|year= 
|month= 
|trans_title = 
|format= 
|work= 
|publisher= 
|pages= 
|language= 
|doi= 
|archiveurl= 
|archivedate= 
|quote= 
}}

必填參數

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  • url：引用項嘅網址
  • title: 引用項嘅標題

選填參數

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  • author：作者嘅名
    • last works with first to produce last, first
    • authorlink works either with author or with last & first to link to the appropriate wikipedia article. Does not work with URLs.
    • coauthors: allows additional authors
  • date：原文出版或發表嘅日期，請用包括年、月、日嘅完整日期格式並同所寫條目風格保持一致。
    • 或用另一種組合：year（出版年）同month（出版月）。如果你有詳細嘅日期，請用date參數。呢種方式亦唔使加維基連結，佢會自動被系統加上。
  • format：檔案格式，例如PDF。呢項為空時缺省認為係HTML格式。
  • work：如果呢個引用項包含係一個更大嘅作品入面，譬如一本書、一份雜誌或一個網站，咁請寫低呢個作品嘅名。
  • publisher：如果有出版者－－例如呢個網站係由某個政府部門、教育機構或公司來提供運作嘅，可以喺呢度輸入佢嘅名。
  • pages: pp. 5–7: first page and optional last page. This is for listing the pages relevant to the citation, not the total number of pages in the book.
  • language: language of publication (don't specify "English" as this is the default).
  • doi: A 數碼物件識別號 for the document, such as 10.1038/news070508-7
    • Doilabel: If the doi contains some characters that must be escaped, use "doilabel" for the unescaped version. See {{doi}}: "id" is equivalent to "doi" and "label" is "doilabel"
  • archiveurl: URL of the archive location of the item (requires archivedate)
  • archivedate: Date when the item was archived (requires archiveurl), in ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD format, e.g. 2006-02-17. Must not be wikilinked; it will be linked automatically.
  • quote: Relevant quote from online item.
  • 喺下邊嘅選項中揀一種查閱日期格式以符合所寫條目嘅風格。
  • accessdate: Full date when item was accessed, in ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD format, for example "accessdate = 2024-11-05". Must not be wikilinked

For producing a non-wikilinked date of retrieval:

  • accessmonthday and accessyear: Month and day when item was accessed, for example "accessmonthday = May 10", and year when item was accessed, for example "accessyear = 2006". Produces: Retrieved on May 10, 2006.
  • accessdaymonth and accessyear: Month and day when item was accessed, for example "accessdaymonth= 10 May", and year when item was accessed, for example "accessyear = 2006". Produces: Retrieved on 10 May 2006.

Examples

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Some standard use cases
  • {{cite web |author=Doe, John |title=My favorite things part II |publisher=Open Publishing |date=[[2005-04-30]] |work=Encyclopedia of things |url=http://www.example.org/ |accessdate=2005-07-06 }}
    → Doe, John (2005-04-30). "My favorite things part II". Encyclopedia of things. Open Publishing. 喺2005-07-06搵到. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  • {{cite web |author=Doe, John |title=My favorite things part II |date=[[2005-04-30]] |work=Encyclopedia of things |url=http://www.example.org/ |accessdate=2005-07-06 }}
    → Doe, John (2005-04-30). "My favorite things part II". Encyclopedia of things. 喺2005-07-06搵到. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  • {{cite web |author=Doe, John |title=My favorite things part II |date=[[2005-04-30]] |url=http://www.example.org/ |accessdate=2005-07-06 }}
    → Doe, John (2005-04-30). "My favorite things part II". 喺2005-07-06搵到. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  • {{cite web |author=Doe, John |title=My favorite things part II |url=http://www.example.org/ |accessdate=2005-07-06 }}
    → Doe, John. "My favorite things part II". 喺2005-07-06搵到.
  • {{cite web |title=My favorite things part II |url=http://www.example.org/ |accessdate=2005-07-06 }}
    → "My favorite things part II". 喺2005-07-06搵到.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.nfl.com/fans/ |title=Digest of rules |publisher= National Football League |accessdate=2005-07-06 }}
    → "Digest of rules". National Football League. 喺2005-07-06搵到.
Non-linking date of retrieval (using accessmonthday and accessyear)
  • {{cite web |title=My favorite things part II |work=Encyclopedia of things |url=http://www.example.org/ |accessmonthday=July 6 |accessyear=2005 }}
    → "My favorite things part II". Encyclopedia of things. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
Using format
  • {{cite web |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |publisher=International Narcotics Control Board |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2005-07-06 }}
    → "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. 喺2005-07-06搵到.
language
  • {{cite web |author=Joliet, François |title=Honnit soit qui mal y pense |date=[[2005-04-30]] |url=http://www.example.org/ |accessdate=2005-07-06 |language=French }}
    → Joliet, François (2005-04-30). "Honnit soit qui mal y pense" (French). 喺2005-07-06搵到. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
coauthors
  • {{cite web |first=John |last=Doe |coauthors=Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim |title=My favorite things part II |publisher=Open Publishing |date=[[2005-04-30]] |work=Encyclopedia of things |url=http://www.example.org/ |accessdate=2006-05-16 }}
    → Doe, John (2005-04-30). "My favorite things part II". Encyclopedia of things. Open Publishing. 喺2006-05-16搵到. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
No author
  • {{cite web |title=My favorite things part II |publisher=Open Publishing |date=[[2005-04-30]] |work=Encyclopedia of things |url=http://www.example.org/ | accessdate=2006-05-16 }}
    → "My favorite things part II". Encyclopedia of things. Open Publishing. 2005-04-30. 喺2006-05-16搵到. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
No author, no publisher
  • {{cite web |title=My favorite things part II |date=[[2005-04-30]] |work=Encyclopedia of things |url=http://www.example.org/ |accessdate=2005-07-06 }}
    → "My favorite things part II". Encyclopedia of things. 2005-04-30. 喺2005-07-06搵到. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Using archiveurl and archivedate to refer to items that went away but are available from an archive site
  • {{cite web |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=[[2005-04-30]] |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2005-07-06 |archiveurl=http://www.archive.org/2005-09-11/www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |archivedate=2005-09-11 }}
    → "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). 2005-04-30. 原著 (PDF)喺2005-09-11歸檔. 喺2005-07-06搵到. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  • {{cite web |url=http://joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi?archive=currnews&story=20060405-01shore.htm |title=Interview with Maggie Downs |date=[[2006-03-31]] |publisher=The Desert Sun |archiveurl=http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:JAxf4v-pQmgJ:joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi%3Farchive%3Dcurrnews%26story%3D20060405-01shore.htm |archivedate=2006-04-26 }}
    → "Interview with Maggie Downs". The Desert Sun. 2006-03-31. 原著喺2006-04-26歸檔. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Using quote
  • {{cite web |title=My favorite things part II |work=Encyclopedia of things |url=http://www.example.org/ |accessdate=2005-07-06 |quote=Lorem ipsum dolor. }}
    → "My favorite things part II". Encyclopedia of things. 喺2005-07-06搵到. Lorem ipsum dolor.
Omitting the title in error
  • {{cite web |work=Encyclopedia of things |url=http://www.example.org/ |accessdate=2005-07-06 |quote=Lorem ipsum dolor. }}
    → Encyclopedia of things http://www.example.org/. 喺2005-07-06搵到. Lorem ipsum dolor. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

TemplateData

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Formats a citation to a website using the provided information such as URL and title. Used only for sources that are not correctly described by the specific citation templates for books, journals, news sources, etc.

模參數

呢塊模建議一行過寫晒所有參數。

參數描述類狀態
URLurl URL

The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the protocol relative scheme "//..."

範例
https://www.metacritic.com//...
字串必填
Titletitle

The title of the source page on the website; will display with quotation marks added. Usually found at the top of your web browser. Not the name of the website.

字串必填
Last namelast last1 author author1 author1-last author-last surname1 author-last1 subject1 surname author-last subject

The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

行建議
First namefirst given author-first first1 given1 author-first1 author1-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

行建議
Author linkauthorlink author-link subjectlink subject-link authorlink1 author-link1 author1-link subjectlink1 author1link subject-link1 subject1-link subject1link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

版可選
Authors listauthors people host credits

List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used.

字串可選
Last name 2last2 author2

The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'.

行可選
First name 2first2

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.

行可選
Author link 2authorlink2 author2-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author.

版可選
Source datedate

Full date when the source was published; if unknown, use access-date instead; do not wikilink

日子建議
Year of publicationyear

Year of the source being referenced; deprecated in favor of 'date', except for the special case of ISO dates with CITEREF in CS2 or Harvard citations

字串可選
Editor last nameeditor-last editor1-last editor editors

The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors.

行可選
Editor first nameeditor-first editor1-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'

行可選
Editor linkeditor-link editor1-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors

版可選
Editor last name 2editor2-last editor2

The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.

行可選
Editor first name 2editor2-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.

行可選
Editor link 2editor2-link editor2link editorlink2

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor.

版可選
Name of the websitewebsite work

Title (name) of the website (or its short URL if no plain-language title is discernible); may be wikilinked; will display in italics. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' is redundant in many cases.

範例
Rotten Tomatoes
字串建議
Series identifierseries

Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal

字串可選
Publisherpublisher

Name of the publisher; may be wikilinked. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' (a.k.a. 'work') is redundant in many cases.

範例
"CBS Interactive", which owns "Metacritic.com"
字串可選
Location of publicationlocation

Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'

字串可選
Pagepage

Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'

字串可選
Pagespages

Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'

字串可選
Atat

May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient

字串可選
Languagelanguage lang

The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name or one of the standard MediaWiki language codes; do not use icons or templates; separate multiple languages with commas (with no 'and' before the last one)

範例
de, fr, es
字串可選
Script titlescript-title

For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...

字串可選
Translated titletrans-title

An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

字串可選
Typetype

Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case

字串可選
Formatformat

Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

字串可選
Othersothers

Used to record other (non-author) contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'. Only one ''others'' parameter is allowed: e.g., 'Illustrated by Jane Doe; Translated by John Smith'

字串可選
Original yearorig-year origyear

Original year of publication; provide specifics

字串可選
Place of publicationpublication-place

Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'

字串可選
Publication datepublication-date

Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink

字串可選
Published viavia

Name of the entity hosting the original copy of the work, if different from the publisher. This entity is committed not to alter the work. GitHub, SourceForge, CodePlex, YouTube, Vimeo, Dailymotion and Netflix are examples of service dedicated to acting on behalf of the publisher, but Archive.org, Wikimedia Commons and grc.com have done this on certain occasions.

範例
"GitHub", which hosts "Visual Studio Code" on behalf of "Microsoft"
字串可選
No ppnopp

Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')

字串可選
arXiv identifierarxiv

An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers

字串可選
ASINasin

Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters

字串可選
ASIN TLDasin-tld

ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US

字串可選
Bibcodebibcode

Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters

字串可選
biorXivbiorxiv

biorXiv identifier; 6 digits

行可選
CiteSeerXciteseerx

CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter

行可選
DOIdoi

Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'

字串可選
DOI broken datedoi-broken-date

The date that the DOI was determined to be broken

字串可選
ISBNisbn

International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible

字串可選
ISSNissn

International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen

字串可選
jfm codejfm

Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code

字串可選
JSTORjstor

JSTOR identifier

字串可選
LCCNlccn

Library of Congress Control Number

字串可選
MRmr

Mathematical Reviews identifier

字串可選
OCLCoclc

Online Computer Library Center number

字串可選
OLol

Open Library identifier

字串可選
OSTIosti

Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier

字串可選
PMCpmc

PubMed Center article number

字串可選
PMIDpmid

PubMed Unique Identifier

字串可選
RFCrfc

Request for Comments number

字串可選
SSRNssrn

Social Science Research Network

字串可選
Zblzbl

Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier

字串可選
idid

A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable

字串可選
URL access levelurl-access

Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')

字串可選
URL statusurl-status

If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to "dead" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at all.

預設
'dead' if an Archive URL is entered
範例
'dead' or 'live'
自動值
live
字串建議
Archive URLarchive-url archiveurl

The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'

字串建議
Archive datearchive-date archivedate

Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink

日子建議
URL access dateaccess-date accessdate

The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink

日子建議
Quotequote

Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation

字串可選
Refref

An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv template

字串可選
Postscriptpostscript

The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined

預設
.
字串可選
Subscription requiredsubscription

Use 'url-access' instead

字串停用
Registration requiredregistration

Use 'url-access' instead

字串停用
Separatorseparator

The punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc.; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark

預設
.
字串可選
Lay URLlayurl

URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; alias of 'laysummary'

字串可選
Lay sourcelaysource

Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash

字串可選
Lay datelaydate

Date of the summary; displays in parentheses

字串可選
Author maskauthor-mask

Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

字串可選
Last name 3last3 author3

The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'.

行可選
First name 3first3

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.

行可選
Author link 3authorlink3 author3-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.

版可選
Last name 4last4 author4

The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'.

行可選
First name 4first4

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.

行可選
Author link 4authorlink4 author4-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.

版可選
Last name 5last5 author5

The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'.

行可選
First name 5first5

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.

行可選
Author link 5authorlink5 author5-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author.

版可選
Last name 6last6 author6

The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'.

行可選
First name 6first6

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.

行可選
Author link 6authorlink6 author6-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

版可選
Last name 7last7 author7

The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'.

行可選
First name 7first7

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.

行可選
Author link 7authorlink7 author7-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.

版可選
Last name 8last8 author8

The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'.

行可選
First name 8first8

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.

行可選
Author link 8authorlink8 author8-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.

版可選
Last name 9last9 author9

The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.

行可選
First name 9first9

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.

行可選
Author link 9authorlink9 author9-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.

版可選
Author name separatorauthor-name-separator

Changes the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark

預設
,
字串可選
Author separatorauthor-separator

Changes the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark

預設
;
字串可選
Display authorsdisplay-authors displayauthors

Number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used. By default, all authors are displayed. Examples: |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation followed by et al. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al.

字串可選
Last author ampersandlast-author-amp lastauthoramp

When set to any value, changes the separator between the last two names of the author list to 'space ampersand space'

字串可選
Editor last name 3editor3-last editor3

The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.

行可選
Editor first name 3editor3-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.

行可選
Editor link 3editor3-link editor3link editorlink3

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor.

版可選
Editor last name 4editor4-last editor4

The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.

行可選
Editor first name 4editor4-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.

行可選
Editor link 4editor4-link editor4link editorlink4

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor.

版可選
Editor last name 5editor5-last editor5

The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.

行可選
Editor first name 5editor5-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.

行可選
Editor link 5editor5-link editor5link editorlink5

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor.

版可選
Editor last name 6editor6-last editor6

The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.

行可選
Editor first name 6editor6-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.

行可選
Editor link 6editor6-link editor6link editorlink6

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor.

版可選
Editor last name 7editor7-last editor7

The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.

行可選
Editor first name 7editor7-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.

行可選
Editor link 7editor7-link editor7link editorlink7

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor.

版可選
Editor last name 8editor8-last editor8

The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.

行可選
Editor first name 8editor8-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.

行可選
Editor link 8editor8-link editor8link editorlink8

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor.

版可選
Editor last name 9editor9-last editor9

The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.

行可選
Editor first name 9editor9-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.

行可選
Editor link 9editor9-link editor9link editorlink9

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor.

版可選
Editionedition

Specify the edition or revision of the source, when applicable. For example: '2nd' or '5.1'. What you supply here is suffixed by ' ed.'

字串可選
Bibcode access levelbibcode-access

If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.

字串可選
DOI access leveldoi-access

If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.

字串可選
HDL access levelhdl-access

If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.

字串可選
Jstor access leveljstor-access

If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.

字串可選
OpenLibrary access levelol-access

If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.

字串可選
OSTI access levelosti-access

If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.

字串可選

參見

[編輯]


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