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五聲音階

出自維基百科,自由嘅百科全書

五聲音階[註 1]英文pentatonic scale)指得五個音階;不過所謂五個音可以係上去嘅上行形[註 2] 同落返嚟嘅下行形[註 2] 唔同都得,例如日本陰旋法就係上行形同下行形唔同,但係都算係五聲音階[1];除咗呢個之外,其他例子有中樂傳統嘅五音同現代西樂一般講嘅五聲音階。

西樂嘅五聲音階

[編輯]
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose c c' {
			\time 24/4
			c4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d\stopGroup
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音三度"\startGroup
			g\stopGroup
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音三度"\startGroup
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize c'1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose c c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 24/4
			c4
			d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			e\stopGroup
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a\stopGroup
			c'1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose c c' {
		\time 24/4
		c4 d e g a c'1
	}
}
C 五聲大調。
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose a, c' {
			\time 24/4
			a,4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音三度"\startGroup
			c\stopGroup
			d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			e\stopGroup
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize a1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose a, c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 24/4
			a,4
			c-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d\stopGroup
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音三度"\startGroup
			g\stopGroup
			a1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose a, c' {
		\time 24/4
		a,4 c d e g a1
	}
}
C 五聲小調。

如果用西樂嘅大調音階做基礎,理論上可以是但拎走兩個音,都會得出個五聲音階,但係現代西樂講嘅五聲音階通常係指拎走咗 fa 同 ti 兩個音嘅所謂大調同小調兩種,所謂大調係指全音、全音、半音三度、全音、半音三度[註 2]五個音程,而所謂小調就係指半音三度、全音、全音、半音三度、全音五個音程[2],兩種都可以喺鋼琴淨係撳黑色琴指彈出嚟。

用呢五個音整出嚟嘅五聲音階有一個特點,就係任何兩個音之間嘅音程都唔會係半音,亦唔會係三全音,即係是但彈都冇撞音嘅可能,喺即興音樂好有用。

參考資料

[編輯]
  1. Chi 2017.
  2. Chapman, Richard (2003). The New Complete Guitarist (美國英文) (修訂版). New York: DK. p. 164.

[編輯]
  1. 譯名見:課程發展處藝術教育組 (2023年9月)。樂科學與教常用英漢辭彙 (PDF) (英文、香港中文)。教育局。頁 40。喺2024年7月22號搵到。又:Chi 2017
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 譯名見:Chi 2017

書目

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