南非哺乳動物
南非有唔同嘅生境,包括沙漠,海洋,草原,森林等,所以有好多唔同種類嘅哺乳動物出現,現時記錄到超過350種哺乳動物,當中有2種極度瀕危,11種瀕危,15種受威脅,13種近乎受威脅。
以下係根據世界國際自然保育聯盟(IUCN)將下列嘅哺乳動物保育狀況作一定位:
EX | 已絕種 | 經已死清光 |
EW | 野外已絕種 | 響自然環境再搵唔到 |
CR | 極度瀕危 | 隨時有機會(in imminent risk of)絕種 |
EN | 瀕臨絕種 | 好有機會絕種 |
VU | 受威脅 | 有絕種嘅風險 |
NT | 近危 | 指現時冇絕種危險,但日後有機會絕種 |
LC | 最唔使理 | 冇數據顯示會絕種 |
DD | 資料唔夠 | 對品種嘅現有數字唔清楚 |
亞綱:獸亞綱(Theria)
[編輯]樹鼩目(Afrosoricida)係由食蟲目(Insectivora)分化出嚟嘅哺乳動物種群。呢個目包括有產於南非嘅golden moles同分布喺非洲同馬達加斯加嘅tenrecs。
- 科:金毛鼴科 Chrysochloridae
- 亞科:金毛鼴亞科(Chrysochlorinae)
- 屬:綠鼴屬(Chlorotalpa)
- 達氏綠鼴(Duthie's Golden Mole)Chlorotalpa duthieae VU
- 斯氏綠鼴(Sclater's Golden Mole)Chlorotalpa sclateri LC
- 屬:金毛鼴(Chrysochloris)
- 金毛鼴(Cape Golden Mole)Chrysochloris asiatica LC
- (Visagie's Golden Mole)Chrysochloris visagiei DD
- 屬:巨金鼴屬(Chrysospalax)
- 巨金鼴(Giant Golden Mole)Chrysospalax trevelyani EN
- 粗毛鼴(Rough-haired Golden Mole)Chrysospalax villosus VU
- 屬:溫氏金鼴屬(Cryptochloris)
- 溫氏金鼴(De Winton's Golden Mole)Cryptochloris wintoni CR
- 蔡氏金鼴(Van Zyl's Golden Mole)Cryptochloris zyli EN
- 屬:荒漠鼴屬(Eremitalpa)
- 荒漠鼴(Grant's Golden Mole)Eremitalpa granti NT
- 屬:綠鼴屬(Chlorotalpa)
- 亞科:金鼴亞科(Amblysominae)
- 屬:金鼴屬(Amblysomus)
- Fynbos Golden Mole Amblysomus corriae NT
- 金鼴(Hottentot Golden Mole)Amblysomus hottentotus LC
- Marley's Golden Mole Amblysomus marleyi EN
- Robust Golden Mole Amblysomus robustus VU
- Highveld Golden Mole Amblysomus septentrionalis NT
- 屬:黃毛鼴屬(Calcochloris)
- Yellow Golden Mole Calcochloris obtusirostris LC
- Genus:Neamblysomus
- Gunning's Golden Mole Neamblysomus gunningi EN
- Juliana's Golden Mole Neamblysomus julianae EN
- 屬:金鼴屬(Amblysomus)
- 亞科:金毛鼴亞科(Chrysochlorinae)
Often called sengisi, the elephant shrews or jumping shrews are native to southern Africa. Their common English name derives from their elongated flexible snout and their resemblance to the true shrews.
- 科:(象鼩科)(象鼩)
- 屬:象鼩屬(Elephantulus)
- 短吻象鼩(Short-snouted Sengi)Elephantulus brachyrhynchus LC
- 埃氏象鼩(Cape Sengi)Elephantulus edwardii LC
- 莫氏象鼩(Bushveld Sengi)Elephantulus intufi LC
- 南非象鼩(Eastern Rock Sengi)Elephantulus myurus LC
- 岩象鼩(Western Rock Sengi)Elephantulus rupestris LC
- 屬:巨泡象鼩屬(Macroscelides)
- 短耳象鼩 Macroscelides proboscideus LC
- 屬:岩象鼩屬(Petrodromus)
- 四趾岩象鼩(Four-toed Sengi)Petrodromus tetradactylus LC
- 屬:象鼩屬(Elephantulus)
管齒目只有一個種:分布於非洲嘅土豚,係一種專食白蟻同螞蟻,類似食蟻獸嘅哺乳動物。土豚科啲牙好特別,只有20個前臼齒同磨牙,但好少會用,因為土豚經常會成隻獵物吞落肚。
- 科:土豚科(Orycteropodidae)
- 屬:土豚屬(Orycteropus)
- 土豚 Orycteropus afer LC
- 屬:土豚屬(Orycteropus)
目:蹄兔目(蹄兔)
[編輯]蹄兔目泛指所有嘅蹄兔,係一種樣貌好似兔仔嘅哺乳動物,但喺解剖學同遺傳學角度嚟睇,佢哋同象嘅有親緣關係。
- 科:蹄兔科(蹄兔)
- 屬:樹蹄兔屬
- 南非樹蹄兔 Dendrohyrax arboreus LC
- 西非樹蹄兔 D. dorsalis
- 東非樹蹄兔 D. validus
- 屬:岩蹄兔屬
- 黃斑蹄兔 Heterohyrax brucei LC
- 查氏蹄兔 H. chapini
- 阿山蹄兔 H. antineae
- 屬:蹄兔屬
- 南非蹄兔 Procavia capensis LC
- 屬:樹蹄兔屬
泛指所有非洲象。一般人都會將非洲象分開兩種:草原象同圓耳象。前者較大隻,皮灰色,後腎同前肩同高,象牙好長兼且向上彎。另一種係森林種,較矮,象牙較短,幾乎向下直伸,兩隻耳仔近乎圓形。亦有人將佢分開3種:草原象,南非象同圓耳象。
非洲屬舊大陸猴集中地。由原始嘅原猴類至高等嘅猿類都有。甚至有科學家認為人類嘅始祖都係源於非洲。南非有兩個亞目:原猴亞目及簡鼻亞目。
- 亞目:原猴亞目(Strepsirrhini)
- Infraorder:(Lorisiformes)
- 科:嬰猴科(Galagidae)
- 屬:嬰猴屬(Galago)
- 蓬尾嬰猴(Mohol Galago)Galago moholi LR/lc
- 屬:大嬰猴屬(Otolemur)
- 粗尾嬰猴(Brown Greater Galago)Otolemur crassicaudatus LR/lc
- 屬:嬰猴屬(Galago)
- 科:嬰猴科(Galagidae)
- Infraorder:(Lorisiformes)
- 亞目:簡鼻亞目(Haplorrhini)
- 下目:類人猿下目(Simiiformes)
- 小目:狹鼻小目(Catarrhini)
- 總科:猴總科(Cercopithecoidea)
- 科:猴科(Cercopithecidae)(所有舊大陸猴)
- 屬:長尾猴屬(Cercopithecus)
- 綠猴(Chlorocebus)Cercopithecus aethiops LR/lc
- 青長尾猴(Blue Monkey)Cercopithecus mitis LR/lc
- 屬:狒狒屬(Papio)
- 豚尾狒狒(Chacma Baboon)Papio ursinus LR/lc
- 屬:長尾猴屬(Cercopithecus)
- 科:猴科(Cercopithecidae)(所有舊大陸猴)
- 總科:猴總科(Cercopithecoidea)
- 小目:狹鼻小目(Catarrhini)
- 下目:類人猿下目(Simiiformes)
目:嚙齒目
[編輯]嚙齒目係哺乳動物裏面種群最大嘅,佔咗近4成。佢哋有兩隻分別生响上下顎嘅門齒,要成日磨。好多嚙齒目身形都好細隻,但有啲大隻嘅品種(例如豪豬同水豚等)
- Suborder:(Hystricognathi)
- Family:(Bathyergidae)
- Genus:(Bathyergus)
- (Namaqua Dune Mole Rat)Bathyergus janetta LC
- Cape Dune Mole Rat Bathyergus suillus LC
- Genus:Cryptomys
- Damaraland Mole Rat Cryptomys damarensis LC
- African Mole Rat Cryptomys hottentotus LC
- Genus:Georychus
- Cape mole rat Georychus capensis LC
- Genus:(Bathyergus)
- Family:Hystricidae(Old World porcupines)
- Family:Petromuridae
- Genus:Petromus
- Dassie Rat Petromus typicus LC
- Genus:Petromus
- Family:Thryonomyidae(cane rats)
- Genus:Thryonomys
- 蔗鼠(Greater Cane Rat)Thryonomys swinderianus LC
- Genus:Thryonomys
- Family:(Bathyergidae)
- Suborder:Sciurognathi
- 科:跳兔科(Pedetidae)(跳兔)
- 屬:跳兔屬(Pedetes)
- 跳兔(Springhare)Pedetes capensis LC
- 屬:跳兔屬(Pedetes)
- 科:松鼠科(Sciuridae)(松鼠)
- 亞科:非洲地松鼠亞科(Xerinae)
- 族:非洲地松鼠族(Xerini)
- 屬:非洲地松鼠屬(Xerus)
- 南非地松鼠(South African Ground Squirrel)Xerus inauris LC
- 達馬拉地松鼠(Mountain Ground Squirrel)Xerus princeps LC
- 屬:非洲地松鼠屬(Xerus)
- Tribe:Protoxerini
- Genus:Paraxerus
- Smith's Bush Squirrel Paraxerus cepapi LC
- Red Bush Squirrel Paraxerus palliatus LC
- Genus:Paraxerus
- 族:非洲地松鼠族(Xerini)
- 亞科:非洲地松鼠亞科(Xerinae)
- 科:睡鼠科(Gliridae)(睡鼠)
- 亞科:筆尾睡鼠亞科(Graphiurinae)
- Genus:Graphiurus
- Small-eared Dormouse Graphiurus microtis LC
- Woodland Dormouse Graphiurus murinus LC
- Spectacled Dormouse Graphiurus ocularis LC
- Rock Dormouse Graphiurus platyops LC
- Stone Dormouse Graphiurus rupicola LC
- Genus:Graphiurus
- 亞科:筆尾睡鼠亞科(Graphiurinae)
- Family:Nesomyidae
- Subfamily:Petromyscinae
- Genus:Petromyscus
- Barbour's Rock Mouse Petromyscus barbouri LC
- Pygmy Rock Mouse Petromyscus collinus LC
- Brukkaros Pygmy Rock Mouse Petromyscus monticularis LC
- Genus:Petromyscus
- Subfamily:Dendromurinae
- Genus:Dendromus
- Gray Glimbing Mouse Dendromus melanotis LC
- Brant's Climbing Mouse Dendromus mesomelas LC
- Chestnut Climbing Mouse Dendromus mystacalis LC
- Nyika Climbing Mouse Dendromus nyikae LC
- Genus:Malacothrix
- Gerbil Mouse Malacothrix typica LC
- Genus:Steatomys
- Kreb's Fat Mouse Steatomys krebsii LC
- Fat Mouse Steatomys pratensis LC
- Genus:Dendromus
- Subfamily:Mystromyinae
- Genus:Mystromys
- White-tailed Rat Mystromys albicaudatus EN
- Genus:Mystromys
- Subfamily:Cricetomyinae
- Genus:Saccostomus
- Phascogalini Saccostomus campestris LC
- Genus:Saccostomus
- Subfamily:Petromyscinae
- 科:鼠科(Muridae)(mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- 亞科:剛果攀鼠亞科(Deomyinae)
- 屬:非洲刺毛鼠屬(Acomys)
- 莫桑比克刺毛鼠(Spiny mouse)Acomys spinosissimus LC
- Cape Spiny Mouse Acomys subspinosus LC
- 屬:非洲刺毛鼠屬(Acomys)
- Subfamily:Otomyinae
- Genus:Otomys
- Angoni Vlei Rat Otomys angoniensis LC
- Vlei Rat Otomys irroratus LC
- Laminate Vlei Rat Otomys laminatus LC
- Saunder's Vlei Rat Otomys saundersiae LC
- Sloggett's Vlei Rat Otomys sloggetti LC
- Karoo Bush Rat Otomys unisulcatus LC
- Genus:Parotomys
- Brants's Whistling Rat Parotomys brantsii LC
- Littledale's Whistling Rat Parotomys littledalei LC
- Genus:Otomys
- Subfamily:Gerbillinae
- 屬:短耳沙鼠屬(Desmodillus)
- 短耳沙鼠(Cape Short-eared Gerbil)Desmodillus auricularis LC
- 屬:西南非沙鼠屬(南非小沙鼠屬)(Gerbillurus)
- Hairy-footed Gerbil Gerbillurus paeba LC
- Bushy-tailed Hairy-footed Gerbil Gerbillurus vallinus LC
- 屬:大裸蹠沙鼠屬(Tatera)
- Cape Gerbil Tatera afra LC
- Highveld Gerbil Tatera brantsii LC
- Bushveld Gerbil Tatera leucogaster LC
- 屬:短耳沙鼠屬(Desmodillus)
- 亞科:鼠亞科(Murinae)
- Genus:Aethomys
- Red Rock Rat Aethomys chrysophilus LC
- Grant's Rock Rat Aethomys granti LC
- Tete Veld Aethomys Aethomys ineptus LC
- Namaqua Rock Rat Aethomys namaquensis LC
- Genus:Dasymys
- Common Dasymys Dasymys incomtus LC
- Genus:Grammomys
- Mozambique Thicket Rat Grammomys cometes LC
- Woodland Thicket Rat Grammomys dolichurus LC
- Genus:Lemniscomys
- Single-striped Grass Mouse Lemniscomys rosalia LC
- Genus:Mastomys
- Southern Multimammate Mouse Mastomys coucha LC
- Natal Multimammate Mouse Mastomys natalensis LC
- Genus:Mus
- Desert Pygmy Mouse Mus indutus LC
- African Pygmy Mouse Mus minutoides LC
- Neave's Mouse Mus neavei DD
- Orange Mouse Mus orangiae LC
- Genus:Myomyscus
- Verreaux's White-footed Rat Myomyscus verreauxii LC
- Genus:Rhabdomys
- Four-striped Grass Mouse Rhabdomys pumilio LC
- Genus:Thallomys
- Black-tailed Tree Rat Thallomys nigricauda LC
- Acacia rat Thallomys paedulcus LC
- Shortridge's Rat Thallomys shortridgei DD
- Genus:Zelotomys
- Woosnam's Zelotomys Zelotomys woosnami LC
- Genus:Aethomys
- 亞科:剛果攀鼠亞科(Deomyinae)
- 科:跳兔科(Pedetidae)(跳兔)
兔形目主要分成2類:兔科(Leporidae)同鼠兔科(Ochotonidae)直到20世紀之前,科學家仍然將佢哋歸類為嚙齒類(rodent)。
- 科:兔科(Leporidae)(rabbits, hares)
- 屬:山兔屬(Bunolagus)
- 南非山兔(河兔)(Riverine Rabbit)Bunolagus monticularis CR
- 屬:岩兔屬(Pronolagus)
- 原尾岩兔(Natal Red Rockhare)Pronolagus crassicaudatus LR/lc
- 蘭德岩兔(Jameson's Red Rock Hare)Pronolagus randensis LR/lc
- 史氏岩兔(Smith's Red Rockhare)Pronolagus rupestris LR/lc
- 屬:兔屬(Lepus)
- 草兔(Cape Hare)Lepus capensis LR/lc
- (African Savanna Hare)Lepus microtis LR/lc
- 藪兔(Scrub Hare)Lepus saxatilis LR/lc
- 屬:山兔屬(Bunolagus)
刺蝟經常畀人誤當係箭豬(豪豬),其實係食蟲目嘅其中一員。佢哋好似大老鼠咁,但身上長滿幼細嘅刺,呢啲刺係由體毛演化而成嘅。
- 科:刺蝟科(刺猬)
- 亞科:刺蝟亞科
- 屬:非洲蝟屬
- 南非刺猬(Southern African Hedgehog)Atelerix frontalis LR/lc
- 屬:非洲蝟屬
- 亞科:刺蝟亞科
好似刺猬嘅食蟲目哺乳動物。有強而有力嘅前臂方便掘泥。
- 亞:鼩鼱科(shrews)
- Subfamily:Crocidurinae
- 屬:麝鼩屬(Crocidura)
- Reddish-gray Musk Shrew Crocidura cyanea LC
- Greater Red Musk Shrew Crocidura flavescens LC
- Tiny Musk Shrew Crocidura fuscomurina LC
- Lesser Red Musk Shrew Crocidura hirta LC
- Maquassie Musk Shrew Crocidura maquassiensis LC
- Swamp Musk Shrew Crocidura mariquensis LC
- Lesser Gray-brown Musk Shrew Crocidura silacea LC
- 屬:臭鼩屬(Suncus)
- 肯亞臭鼩(Least Dwarf Shrew)Suncus infinitesimus LC
- 林臭鼩(Lesser Dwarf Shrew)Suncus varilla LC
- 屬:麝鼩屬(Crocidura)
- Subfamily:Myosoricinae
- 屬:鼠鼩鼱屬(Myosorex)
- Dark-footed Forest Shrew Myosorex cafer LC
- Long-tailed Forest Shrew Myosorex longicaudatus VU
- Sclater's Tiny Mouse Shrew Myosorex sclateri VU
- Thin Mouse Shrew Myosorex tenuis DD
- Forest Shrew Myosorex varius LC
- 屬:鼠鼩鼱屬(Myosorex)
- Subfamily:Crocidurinae
蝙蝠最顯著嘅特徵就係佢嗰對發展成對翼嘅前肢,令佢成為唯一可以飛嘅哺乳動物。蝙蝠品種佔咗哺乳動物嘅四分之一。
- 科:狐蝠科(flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
- 科:蝙蝠科(Vespertilionidae)
- 亞科:彩蝠亞科(Kerivoulinae)
- 屬:彩蝠屬(Kerivoula)
- 銀彩蝠(Damara Woolly Bat)Kerivoula argentata LC
- 細毛蝠(Lesser Woolly Bat)Kerivoula lanosa LC
- Genus:Phoniscus
- 擬號彩蝠(Dubious Trumpet-eared Bat)Phoniscus aerosa DD
- 屬:彩蝠屬(Kerivoula)
- Subfamily:Myotinae
- Genus:Cistugo
- Lesueur's Hairy Bat Cistugo lesueuri VU
- Angolan Hairy Bat Cistugo seabrai NT
- 屬:鼠耳蝠屬(Myotis)
- 紅褐鼠耳蝠(Rufous Mouse-eared Bat)Myotis bocagii LC
- 南非鼠耳蝠(Cape Hairy Bat)Myotis tricolor LC
- 韋氏鼠耳蝠(Welwitch's Bat)Myotis welwitschii LC
- Genus:Cistugo
- 亞科:蝙蝠亞科(Vespertilioninae)
- 屬:棕蝠屬(Eptesicus)
- 長尾棕蝠(Long-tailed House Bat)Eptesicus hottentotus LC
- Genus:Glauconycteris
- 彩蝶蝠(Butterfly Bat)Glauconycteris variegata LC
- Genus:Hypsugo
- 安氏伏翼(安奇塔油蝠)(Anchieta's Pipistrelle)Hypsugo anchietae LC
- 屬:非洲長耳蝠屬(Laephotis)
- 波茲瓦納長耳蝠(Botswanan Long-eared Bat)Laephotis botswanae LC
- 溫頓氏長耳蝠(De Winton's Long-eared Bat)Laephotis wintoni LC
- Genus:Neoromicia
- 南非棕蝠(開普棕蝠)(Cape Serotine)Neoromicia capensis LC
- 家棕蝠(苗氏棕蝠)(Melck's House Bat)Neoromicia melckorum DD
- 香蕉伏翼(香蕉油蝠)(Banana Pipistrelle)Neoromicia nanus LC
- 任氏棕蝠(阮氏棕蝠)(Rendall's Serotine)Neoromicia rendalli LC
- nopage Neoromicia zuluensis LC
- Genus:Nycticeinops
- Schlieffen's Twilight Bat Nycticeinops schlieffeni LC
- 屬:家蝠屬(Pipistrellus)
- 魯氏家蝠(Rüppel's Pipistrelle)Pipistrellus rueppelli LC
- 野家蝠(Rusty Pipistrelle)Pipistrellus rusticus LC
- 屬:屋蝠屬(Scotoecus)
- 甘比亞屋蝠(Gambian Light-winged Lesser House Bat)Scotoecus albofuscus DD
- 屬:黃蝠屬(Scotophilus)
- 非洲黃蝠(African Yellow Bat)Scotophilus dinganii LC
- 綠黃蝠(Greenish Yellow Bat)Scotophilus viridis LC
- 屬:棕蝠屬(Eptesicus)
- 亞科:長翼蝠亞科(Miniopterinae)
- 屬:長指蝠屬(Miniopterus)
- 小長指蝠(Lesser Long-fingered Bat)Miniopterus fraterculus LC
- Natal Long-fingered Bat Miniopterus natalensis NT
- 屬:長指蝠屬(Miniopterus)
- 亞科:彩蝠亞科(Kerivoulinae)
- 科:犬吻蝠科/游離尾蝠科(Molossidae)
- 屬:小游離尾蝠屬(Chaerephon)
- 安氏游離尾蝠(安氏犬吻蝠)(Ansorge's Free-tailed Bat)Chaerephon ansorgei LC
- 小游離尾蝠(Little Free-tailed Bat)Chaerephon pumila LC
- Chaerephon shortridgei NT
- 屬:大游離尾蝠屬(Greater Free-tailed bat/Mops)
- 安哥拉大游離尾蝠(安哥拉犬吻蝠)(Angolan Free-tailed Bat)Mops condylurus LC
- 米達大游離尾蝠(Midas Free-tailed Bat)Mops midas LC
- 屬:小皺鼻蝠屬(Mormopterus)
- 納塔爾小游離尾蝠(Natal Free-Tailed Bat)Mormopterus acetabulosus VU
- 屬:大耳游離尾蝠屬(Otomops)
- 大耳游離尾蝠(Large-eared Free-tailed Bat)Otomops martiensseni NT
- Genus:Sauromys
- 岩居犬吻蝠(扁頭蜥鼠蝠)(Roberts's Flat-headed Bat)Sauromys petrophilus LC
- 屬:游離尾蝠屬(Tadarida)
- 埃及游離尾蝠(Egyptian Free-tailed Bat)Tadarida aegyptiaca LC
- 島犬吻蝠(馬島皺唇蝠)(Madagascan Large Free-tailed Bat)Tadarida fulminans LC
- 非洲犬吻蝠(非洲巨皺唇蝠)(African Giant Free-tailed Bat)Tadarida ventralis NT
- 屬:小游離尾蝠屬(Chaerephon)
- 科:鞘尾蝠科(Emballonuridae)
- 屬:墓蝠屬(Taphozous)
- 摩里西斯墓蝠(Mauritian Tomb Bat)Taphozous mauritianus LC
- 屬:墓蝠屬(Taphozous)
- 科:裂面蝠科(Nycteridae)
- 屬:裂面蝠屬(Nycteris)
- 阿拉伯裂面蝠(Egyptian Slit-Faced Bat)Nycteris thebaica LC
- 活氏裂面蝠(Wood's Slit-Faced Bat)Nycteris woodi NT
- 屬:裂面蝠屬(Nycteris)
- 科:菊頭蝠科/蹄鼻蝠科(Rhinolophidae)
- 亞科:菊頭蝠亞科/蹄鼻蝠亞科(Rhinolophinae)
- 屬:菊頭蝠屬/蹄鼻蝠屬(Rhinolophus)
- 希臘菊頭蝠(Blasius's Horseshoe Bat)Rhinolophus blasii NT
- 開普敦菊頭蝠(Cape Horseshoe Bat)Rhinolophus capensis NT
- 吉氏菊頭蝠(Geoffroy's Horseshoe Bat)Rhinolophus clivosus LC
- 達氏菊頭蝠(Darling's Horseshoe Bat)Rhinolophus darlingi LC
- 南非菊頭蝠(Dent's Horseshoe Bat)Rhinolophus denti DD
- 魯氏菊頭蝠(Rüppell's Horseshoe Bat)Rhinolophus fumigatus LC
- 希氏菊頭蝠(Hildebrandt's Horseshoe Bat)Rhinolophus hildebrandti LC
- 西非菊頭蝠(Lander's Horseshoe Bat)Rhinolophus landeri LC
- 草原菊頭蝠(Bushveld Horseshoe Bat)Rhinolophus simulator LC
- 斯氏菊頭蝠(Swinny's Horseshoe Bat)Rhinolophus swinnyi NT
- 屬:菊頭蝠屬/蹄鼻蝠屬(Rhinolophus)
- 亞科:蹄蝠亞科(Hipposiderinae)
- 屬:非洲三叉蝠屬(Cloeotis)
- 非洲三叉蝠(Percival's Trident Bat)Cloeotis percivali VU
- 屬:蹄蝠屬(Hipposideros)
- 南非蹄蝠(Sundevall's Roundleaf Bat)Hipposideros caffer LC
- 屬:非洲三叉蝠屬(Cloeotis)
- 亞科:菊頭蝠亞科/蹄鼻蝠亞科(Rhinolophinae)
鱗甲目(學名 Pholidota),得一個科,穿山甲科(Manidae),穿山甲科亦只得一個屬:穿山甲屬(Manis)。呢啲動物一律統稱為穿山甲。
全球大概有260種食肉動物,而南非係其中一個食肉動物眾多嘅產地之一。由細隻嘅侏儒獴到大隻嘅獅子都有。佢哋擔當控制食草動物嘅數量以及清道夫嘅角色。
- 超科:犬貓超科
- 科:貓科(貓)
- 科:靈貓科(civets, mongooses, etc.)
- 科:獴科(獴類)
- 屬:沼澤獴屬(Atilax)
- 沼澤獴(Marsh Mongoose)Atilax paludinosus LR/lc
- 屬:筆毛獴屬(Cynictis)
- 筆尾獴(Yellow Mongoose)Cynictis penicillata LR/lc
- 屬:貂獴屬(Galerella)
- 蓬灰貂獴(Cape Grey Mongoose)Galerella pulverulenta LR/lc
- 草地貂獴(Slender Mongoose)Galerella sanguinea LR/lc
- 屬:矮獴屬(Helogale)
- 侏儒獴(Common Dwarf Mongoose)Helogale parvula LR/lc
- 屬:獴屬(Herpestes)
- 埃及獴 Herpestes ichneumon LR/lc
- 屬:白尾獴屬(Ichneumia)
- 白尾獴(:en:White-tailed Mongoose)Ichneumia albicauda LR/lc
- 屬:非洲獴屬(Mungos)
- 非洲獴(Banded Mongoose)Mungos mungo LR/lc
- Genus:Paracynictis
- Selous' Mongoose Paracynictis selousi LR/lc
- 屬:梅氏獴屬(Rhynchogale)
- 梅氏獴(:en:Meller's Mongoose)Rhynchogale melleri LR/lc
- 屬:沼獴屬(Suricata)
- 狐獴(貓鼬)Suricata suricatta LR/lc
- 屬:沼澤獴屬(Atilax)
- 科:鬣狗科(鬣狗及土狼)
- 屬:斑鬣狗屬(Crocuta)
- 斑點鬣狗 Crocuta crocuta LR/cd
- 屬:條紋鬣狗屬(Hyaena)
- 棕鬣狗 Hyaena brunnea LR/nt
- 屬:土狼屬(Proteles)
- 土狼 Proteles cristatus LR/lc
- 屬:斑鬣狗屬(Crocuta)
- Suborder:Caniformia
- 科:犬科(狗、狐狸)
- 科:Mustelidae(mustelids)
- 屬:非洲艾虎屬(Ictonyx)
- 非洲艾虎(Striped Polecat)Ictonyx striatus LR/lc
- 屬:白頸鼬屬(Poecilogale)
- 白頸鼬(African Striped Weasel)Poecilogale albinucha LR/lc
- 屬:蜜獾屬(Mellivora)
- 蜜獾 Mellivora capensis LR/lc
- 屬:水獺屬(Lutra)
- 斑頸水獺(Speckle-throated Otter)Lutra maculicollis LC
- 屬:小爪水獺屬(Aonyx)
- 非洲小爪水獺(African Clawless Otter)Aonyx capensis LC
- 屬:非洲艾虎屬(Ictonyx)
鰭足目(Pinnipedia),又叫鰭腳目,係哺乳綱之下嘅一個目,或者亞目。呢個目包含 3 個科,分別係海獅科、海豹科、海象科。佢哋全部都係海洋哺乳動物,前後肢都進化成鰭,所以就叫鰭足類動物啦。南非最主要見到嘅係南非海狗。
鯨目包括現今所有鯨魚、海豚、鼠海豚,係完成適應海洋生活嘅哺乳動物。佢哋有適應水體嘅尾,厚厚嘅脂肪同接近無毛嘅身體。南非海域可發現大概37種鯨豚類。南非開普敦東面一帶有地形起伏變化嘅海岸線,加上大西洋同印度洋交界帶來豐富嘅養份,吸引眾多海洋生物棲息。南非亦係世界其中一個觀鯨熱點,南露脊鯨多數喺每年7月至11月期間去嗰帶交配同埋生仔,間唔中亦有其他鯨豚類品種出現。
- 亞目:鬚鯨亞目
- 科:鬚鯨科
- 屬:露脊鯨屬(Eubalaena)
- 南方露脊鯨(Southern Right Whale)Eubalaena australis LR/cd
- 屬:露脊鯨屬(Eubalaena)
- 科:鰮鯨科(Balaenopteridae)
- Family:Neobalaenidae
- Genus:Caperea
- 小露脊鯨(Pygmy Right Whale)Caperea marginata LR/lc
- Genus:Caperea
- 科:鬚鯨科
- 亞目:齒鯨亞目
- Superfamily:Platanistoidea
- 科:抹香鯨科
- 科:小抹香鯨科(Kogiidae)
- 科:喙鯨科(Ziphidae)
- 屬:劍喙鯨屬(Ziphius)
- 劍喙鯨(Cuvier's Beaked Whale)Ziphius cavirostris DD
- 屬:槌鯨屬(Berardius)
- (Giant beaked whale)Berardius arnuxii LR/cd
- 屬:Tasmacetus
- 謝氏塔喙鯨(Shepherd's Beaked Whale)Tasmacetus shepherdi DD
- Subfamily:Hyperoodontidae
- Genus:Indopacetus
- 朗氏中喙鯨(Longman's Beaked Whale)Indopacetus pacificus DD
- Genus:Hyperoodon
- 瓶鼻鯨(Bottlenose whale)Hyperoodon planifrons LR/cd
- 屬:喙鯨屬(Mesoplodon)
- 瘤齒喙鯨(Blainville's Beaked Whale)Mesoplodon densirostris DD
- 哥氏中喙鯨(Gray's Beaked Whale)Mesoplodon grayi DD
- 賀氏中喙鯨(Hector's Beaked Whale)Mesoplodon hectori DD
- 長齒中喙鯨(Layard's Beaked Whale)Mesoplodon layardii DD
- 初氏中喙鯨(True's Beaked Whale)Mesoplodon mirus DD
- Genus:Indopacetus
- 屬:劍喙鯨屬(Ziphius)
- 科:海豚科(marine dolphins)
- Genus:Cephalorhynchus
- 海氏矮海豚(Heaviside's Dolphin)Cephalorhynchus heavisidii DD
- 屬:糙齒海豚屬(Steno)
- 糙齒海豚 Steno bredanensis DD
- 屬:白海豚屬(Sousa)
- 中華白海豚 DD
- 屬:寬吻海豚屬(Tursiops)
- 屬:原海豚屬(Stenella)
- 屬:真海豚屬(Delphinus)
- 熱帶真海豚(Common dolphin)Delphinus capensis LR/lc
- 屬:沙撈越海豚屬(Lagenodelphis)
- 弗氏海豚 Lagenodelphis hosei DD
- 屬:短吻海豚屬(Lagenorhynchus)
- 沙漏斑紋海豚(Hourglass Dolphin)Lagenorhynchus cruciger LR/lc
- 暗色斑紋海豚(Dusky Dolphin)Lagenorhynchus obscurus DD
- 屬:Lissodelphis
- 南露脊海豚(Southern Right Whale Dolphin)Lissodelphis peronii DD
- 屬:灰海豚屬(Grampus)
- 瑞氏海豚 Grampus griseus DD
- 屬:瓜頭鯨屬(Peponocephala)
- 瓜頭鯨 Peponocephala electra LR/lc
- 屬:矮虎鯨屬(Feresa)
- 小虎鯨 Feresa attenuata DD
- 屬:偽虎鯨屬
- 偽虎鯨 Pseudorca crassidens LR/lc
- 屬:虎鯨屬
- 殺人鯨 Orcinus orca LR/cd
- 屬:領航鯨屬(Globicephala)
- 短鰭領航鯨(Pilot whale)Globicephala macrorhynchus LR/cd
- 長鰭領航鯨(Pilot whale)Globicephala melas LR/lc
- Genus:Cephalorhynchus
- Superfamily:Platanistoidea
奇蹄目亦係南非最常見嘅食草哺乳動物,尤其係斑馬。不過有啲品種已經好稀少甚至已絕種。例如罕有嘅黑犀牛同已絕種嘅擬斑馬。佢哋蹄嘅數目都係單數(奇數)嘅。
- 科:犀科
偶蹄目係屬於有蹄動物,同奇蹄目唔同嘅地方係佢哋蹄嘅數目係雙數。現時有大概220種偶蹄目動物,當中有好多包括人類經濟活動中最重要嘅牧畜在內。
- 科:豬科(豬)
- 亞科:疣豬亞科(Phacochoerinae)
- 屬:疣豬屬(Phacochoerus)
- 沙漠疣豬 Phacochoerus aethiopicus LR/lc
- 疣豬(Warthog)Phacochoerus africanus LR/lc
- 屬:疣豬屬(Phacochoerus)
- 亞科:豬亞科
- 屬:非洲野豬屬(Potamochoerus)
- 叢林豬 Potamochoerus larvatus LR/lc
- 屬:非洲野豬屬(Potamochoerus)
- 亞科:疣豬亞科(Phacochoerinae)
- 科:河馬科(hippopotamuses)
- 屬:河馬屬(Hippopotamus)
- 河馬 Hippopotamus amphibius VU
- 屬:河馬屬(Hippopotamus)
- 科:長頸鹿科(Giraffidae)(長頸鹿,奧卡皮)
- 科:牛科(cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- 亞科:狷羚亞科(Alcelaphinae)
- 亞科:羚羊亞科(Antilopinae)
- 屬:跳羚屬(Antidorcas)
- 跳羚(Springbok Antelope)Antidorcas marsupialis LR/cd
- 屬:新小羚屬(Neotragus)
- 桑島新小羚(Suni)Neotragus moschatus LR/cd
- 屬:山羚屬(Oreotragus)
- 山羚(Klipspringer)Oreotragus oreotragus LR/cd
- 屬:侏羚屬(Ourebia)
- 侏羚(Oribi)Ourebia ourebi LR/cd
- 屬:石羚屬(Raphicerus)
- 石羚(Steenbok)Raphicerus campestris LR/lc
- 黑耳石羚(Cape Grysbok)Raphicerus melanotis LR/cd
- 沙氏石羚(Sharpe's Grysbok)Raphicerus sharpei LR/cd
- 屬:跳羚屬(Antidorcas)
- 亞科:牛亞科
- 屬:非洲水牛屬(Syncerus)
- 非洲水牛 Syncerus caffer LR/cd
- 巨羚屬
- 安氏藪羚(Nyala)Tragelaphus angasii LR/cd
- 巨羚 Tragelaphus oryx LR/cd
- 藪羚(Bushbuck)Tragelaphus scriptus LR/lc
- 大旋角羚(Greater Kudu)Tragelaphus strepsiceros LR/cd
- 屬:非洲水牛屬(Syncerus)
- 亞科:麂羚亞科(Cephalophinae)
- 屬:麂羚屬(Cephalophus)
- 藍麂羚(Blue Duiker)Cephalophus monticola LR/lc
- 紅麂羚(Red Forest Duiker)Cephalophus natalensis LR/cd
- 屬:犬羚屬/灰麂羚屬(Sylvicapra)
- 灰遁羚(犬羚)Sylvicapra grimmia LR/lc
- 屬:麂羚屬(Cephalophus)
- 亞科:貂羚亞科/馬羚亞科(Hippotraginae)
- 屬:貂羚屬(Hippotragus)
- 馬羚(Roan Antelope)Hippotragus equinus LR/cd
- 藍貂羚(Bluebuck)Hippotragus leucophaeus EX
- 黑貂羚 Hippotragus niger LR/cd
- 屬:劍羚屬
- 劍羚 Oryx gazella LR/cd
- 屬:貂羚屬(Hippotragus)
- 亞科:短角羚亞科(Peleinae)
- 屬:短角羚屬(Pelea)
- 短角羚(Grey Rhebok)Pelea capreolus LC
- 屬:短角羚屬(Pelea)
- 亞科:高角羚亞科(Aepycerotinae)
- 屬:高角羚屬(Aepyceros)
- 羚羊 Aepyceros melampus LR/cd
- 屬:高角羚屬(Aepyceros)
- 亞科:葦羚亞科(Reduncinae)
- 屬:水羚屬(Reduncinae/Kobus)
- 水羚 Kobus ellipsiprymnus LR/cd
- 屬:葦羚屬(Redunca)
- 南葦羚(Southern Reedbuck)Redunca arundinum LR/cd
- 山葦羚(Mountain Reedbuck)Redunca fulvorufula LC
- 屬:水羚屬(Reduncinae/Kobus)
資料來源
[編輯]- Mammals of Southern Africa, ISBN 978-1-77007-861-1
- Bats In Question, ISBN 1-56098-739-1