新疆拘留營

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新疆再教育營
**قايتا تەربىيەلەش لاگېرى**
新疆再教育營; قايتا تەربىيەلەش لاگېرى
位置
	中華人民共和國新疆維吾爾自治區
明細
類	再教育營、教化中心
Opened	自2014年
停辦	2019年12月9號（聲稱終止強制教育培訓；有爭議）

新疆拘留營（粵拼：san1 goeng1 keoi1 lau4 jing4；英文：Xinjiang internment camps；維吾爾文：قايتا تەربىيەلەش لاگېرى‎）^[a]，被中華人民共和國政府正式叫做職業技能教育培訓中心^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]，係由新疆政府同黨委運作嘅拘留營。人權觀察話佢哋由2017年開始就同維吾爾族同其他穆斯林灌輸人民戰爭係恐怖主義，而佢哋響2014年就實施呢個政策^[9]^[10]^[11]。有好多國家同人權組織就聲稱呢個營係打壓人權、唔人道對待、強姦同折磨，仲指控有種族清洗。而有啲國家係支持呢個拘留營^[12]^[13]。

呢個拘留營係喺中共總書記習近平嘅管治底下建立。呢個拘留營喺區內嘅運作係由中共政治局委員暨黨委書記陳全國領導。拘留營被人報告係喺中國嘅法律體制之外運作。有報導話，好多維吾爾族喺未審判嘅情況下就被拘留，佢哋都冇對拘留嘅人提出任何指控（即係行政拘留）^[14]^[15]^[16]。據報導，本地當局喺個營到收押咗幾十萬維吾爾人同其他少數民族嘅人，目的係打擊極端同恐怖主義^[17]^[18]，同埋促進社會融合^[19]^[20]^[21]。

中國政府聲稱學員喺度做緊培訓

拘留營設施

File:Factory sat image.jpg

拘留營衛星圖

File:Camp wall image.jpg

拘留營畀高牆包圍

再教育營基地、數量同設施無準確數據，大部分城市入面嘅「再教育營」由職業學校、黨校、普通學校或者其他官方場所改建而成，而城鄉教育營就大多係新起。學員受訓期間，一般市民唔可以自由出入學習營地，大門有武裝看守，部分配有疑似高牆、鐵網同瞭望塔等設施喺佢周圍，教育營附近亦有好多公安巡邏。

法新社喺2021年4月26號報導，佢哋訪問咗一對喺新疆住咗十年嘅加拿大夫婦，佢哋就形容，再教育營營區周圍嘅牆有約4.6公尺高，上面有鐵絲網，由監視器同埋警衛巡邏隊監控^[22]。

國際反應

被拘留過嘅人

米日古麗·圖爾蓀：喺「新疆再教育營」受中國政府酷刑對待，監禁期間，佢一個仔更加喺中國當局監管下神秘死亡。佢係2018年公民力量獎得獎者^[23]。

吐爾遜娜依·孜亞吾頓（Tursunay Ziyawudun）對BBC表示，佢喺「再教育營」裏面嗰9個月，「每晚」都有女性被從牢房中帶走，被一名或多名蒙面中國男子強姦^[24]。

中方對外回應

中國對於新疆拘留營侵犯人權嘅指控一概否認。例如，對於其中曾經被囚禁係喺入面，之後逃出嘅米日古麗·圖爾蓀，中國話佢講嘅係「一個撒謊者編造的虛假故事」^[23]。不過，亦有一啲媒體，反駁中共喺呢方面嘅宣傳造假。

反駁指控記者會疑似造假

中國外交部喺2021年進行過一場記者會，安排幾名自稱維吾爾族人發言，試圖反駁呢啲指控，但就被踢爆疑似造假。其中一名發言，自稱叫做塔黑日江·托合，喺入面結業嘅學員，就被揭發幾月前喺2020年7月14號新華網一段宣傳回鄉創業嘅片段入面現身，當時自稱係上海復旦大學畢業，之後返去和田市創業。而喺呢段新華網嘅宣傳片入面，亦冇提過任何喺新疆受培訓嘅經歷，反而強調自己擁有復旦大學嘅高學歷。世界維吾爾代表大會嘅發言人話，北京咁做係欺騙國際社會，又話嗰個人如果係上海復旦大學畢業學生，佢當年高考嘅成績應該相當高，漢語讀寫能力亦有一定水平，根本唔使再特別去學習國家通用語言和同埋文字^[25]。

睇埋

攷同註

註

↑ 又叫新疆再教育營^[3]^[4]

攷

↑ "A Summer Vacation in China's Muslim Gulag". 外交政策（Foreign Policy）. 原先內容歸檔喺2019-01-03. 喺2018-02-28搵到. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
↑ 引用錯誤無效嘅<ref>標籤；無文字提供畀叫做报道0119A嘅參照
↑ Smith Finley, Joanne (2019). "Securitization, insecurity and conflict in contemporary Xinjiang: has PRC counter-terrorism evolved into state terror?". Central Asian Survey (英文). 38 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1080/02634937.2019.1586348. ISSN 0263-4937.
↑ Cirilli, Kevin (2020-09-07). "U.S. Bars Some China Xinjiang Firms on Alleged Abuse; Plans More". Bloomberg News. 喺2021-02-26搵到.
↑ "Xinjiang de fankong, qu jiduanhua douzheng yu renquan baozhang" 新疆的反恐、去极端化斗争与人权保障 (中文). Xinhua. 2019-03-18. 喺2019-07-20搵到.
↑ "Xinjiang Weiwuer Zizhiqu qu jiduanhua tiaoli" 新疆维吾尔自治区去极端化条例. Xinjiang People's Congress Standing Committee. 原著喺2019-03-31歸檔. 喺2019-07-20搵到.
↑ "Full Text: Vocational Education and Training in Xinjiang". Xinhua. Beijing. 16 August 2019. 原著喺2019-08-16歸檔. 喺2019-09-17搵到.
↑ Gao, Charlotte (2018-11-08). "Xinjiang Detention Camp or Vocational Center: Is China 'Calling A Deer A Horse'?". The Diplomat. 喺2020-10-02搵到.
↑ "China: Free Xinjiang 'Political Education' Detainees". Human Rights Watch. 2017-09-10.
↑ "A Summer Vacation in China's Muslim Gulag". 外交政策. 2018-02-28.
↑ Ramzy, Austin; Buckley, Chris (2019-11-16). "'Absolutely No Mercy': Leaked Files Expose How China Organized Mass Detentions of Muslims". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. 喺16 November 2019搵到.
↑ "STATEMENT BY THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS CONCERNING THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION OF UYGHURS AND OTHER TURKIC MUSLIMS IN XINJIANG, CHINA". Subcommittee on International Human Rights (SDIR) of the Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development. 2020-10-21. 原先內容歸檔喺24 October 2020. 喺2020-10-23搵到. The Subcommittee heard that the Government of China has been employing various strategies to persecute Muslim groups living in Xinjiang, including mass detentions, forced labour, pervasive state surveillance and population control. Witnesses were clear that the Government of China’s actions are a clear attempt to eradicate Uyghur culture and religion. Some witnesses stated that the Government of China’s actions meet the definition of genocide as set out in Article II of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Genocide Convention).
↑ Cumming-Bruce, Nick (2019-07-13). "More than 35 countries defend China over mass detention of Uighur Muslims in UN letter". The Independent (英文). 喺2021-01-10搵到.
↑ "Arrests skyrocketed in China's Muslim far west in 2017". France24. AFP. 2018-07-15. 喺2019-09-15搵到.
↑ "'Permanent cure': Inside the re-education camps China is using to brainwash Muslims". Business Insider. 喺2018-05-17搵到.
↑ "China: Big Data Fuels Crackdown in Minority Region". Human Rights Watch. 喺2018-02-26搵到.
↑ "China detains thousands of Muslims in re-education camps". ucanews.com. 喺13 September 2017搵到.
↑ Michael, Clarke (25 May 2018). "Xinjiang's "transformation through education" camps". The Interpreter. Lowy Institute. 原著喺2019年12月3號歸檔. 喺25 May 2018搵到.
↑ "Why are Muslim Uyghurs being sent to 're-education' camps". Al Jazeera. 2018-06-08. 原著喺2019-04-02歸檔. 喺2018-06-11搵到.
↑ "Why Xi Jinping's Xinjiang policy is a major change in China's ethnic politics". 華盛頓郵報. 2019-11-09. 喺2019-11-09搵到.
↑ Thum, Rian; Harris, Rachel; Leibold, James; Batke, Jessica; Carrico, Kevin; Roberts, Sean R. (2018-06-04). "How Should the World Respond to Intensifying Repression in Xinjiang?". ChinaFile. Center on U.S.-China Relations at Asia Society. 喺2018-06-04搵到.
↑ 〈加拿大夫妇居新疆10年感觉和维吾尔人同困大监狱 – 法国国际广播电台 - RFI〉。《RFI - 法国国际广播电台》 (簡體中文)。2021-04-26。喺2021-04-27搵到。
↑ ^23.0 ^23.1 〈維族女控再教育營中國外交部罕見大篇幅回應〉。《中央通訊社（台灣）》。2019-01-22。喺2021-03-07搵到。
↑ 林詩遠 (2021-02-05)。〈新疆集中營親歷者：不少年輕漂亮女子被欺凌〉。《大紀元時報》。喺2021-03-07搵到。
↑ 〈復旦維族高材生變再教育營學員？世維會發言人踢爆：北京搵臨記呃外媒｜蘋果日報〉。《Apple Daily 蘋果日報》 (香港中文)。原著喺2021-04-04歸檔。喺2021-04-04搵到。

連出去

[5] 又叫新疆再教育營^[3]^[4]

[1] "A Summer Vacation in China's Muslim Gulag". 外交政策（Foreign Policy）. 原先內容歸檔喺2019-01-03. 喺2018-02-28搵到. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[报道0119A-2] 引用錯誤無效嘅<ref>標籤；無文字提供畀叫做报道0119A嘅參照

[3] Smith Finley, Joanne (2019). "Securitization, insecurity and conflict in contemporary Xinjiang: has PRC counter-terrorism evolved into state terror?". Central Asian Survey (英文). 38 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1080/02634937.2019.1586348. ISSN 0263-4937.

[4] Cirilli, Kevin (2020-09-07). "U.S. Bars Some China Xinjiang Firms on Alleged Abuse; Plans More". Bloomberg News. 喺2021-02-26搵到.

[6] "Xinjiang de fankong, qu jiduanhua douzheng yu renquan baozhang" 新疆的反恐、去极端化斗争与人权保障 (中文). Xinhua. 2019-03-18. 喺2019-07-20搵到.

[7] "Xinjiang Weiwuer Zizhiqu qu jiduanhua tiaoli" 新疆维吾尔自治区去极端化条例. Xinjiang People's Congress Standing Committee. 原著喺2019-03-31歸檔. 喺2019-07-20搵到.

[8] "Full Text: Vocational Education and Training in Xinjiang". Xinhua. Beijing. 16 August 2019. 原著喺2019-08-16歸檔. 喺2019-09-17搵到.

[9] Gao, Charlotte (2018-11-08). "Xinjiang Detention Camp or Vocational Center: Is China 'Calling A Deer A Horse'?". The Diplomat. 喺2020-10-02搵到.

[auto1-10] "China: Free Xinjiang 'Political Education' Detainees". Human Rights Watch. 2017-09-10.

[fp-gulag-11] "A Summer Vacation in China's Muslim Gulag". 外交政策. 2018-02-28.

[:1-12] Ramzy, Austin; Buckley, Chris (2019-11-16). "'Absolutely No Mercy': Leaked Files Expose How China Organized Mass Detentions of Muslims". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. 喺16 November 2019搵到.

[13] "STATEMENT BY THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS CONCERNING THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION OF UYGHURS AND OTHER TURKIC MUSLIMS IN XINJIANG, CHINA". Subcommittee on International Human Rights (SDIR) of the Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development. 2020-10-21. 原先內容歸檔喺24 October 2020. 喺2020-10-23搵到. The Subcommittee heard that the Government of China has been employing various strategies to persecute Muslim groups living in Xinjiang, including mass detentions, forced labour, pervasive state surveillance and population control. Witnesses were clear that the Government of China’s actions are a clear attempt to eradicate Uyghur culture and religion. Some witnesses stated that the Government of China’s actions meet the definition of genocide as set out in Article II of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Genocide Convention).

[14] Cumming-Bruce, Nick (2019-07-13). "More than 35 countries defend China over mass detention of Uighur Muslims in UN letter". The Independent (英文). 喺2021-01-10搵到.

[arrests-skyrocketed-15] "Arrests skyrocketed in China's Muslim far west in 2017". France24. AFP. 2018-07-15. 喺2019-09-15搵到.

[16] "'Permanent cure': Inside the re-education camps China is using to brainwash Muslims". Business Insider. 喺2018-05-17搵到.

[17] "China: Big Data Fuels Crackdown in Minority Region". Human Rights Watch. 喺2018-02-26搵到.

[18] "China detains thousands of Muslims in re-education camps". ucanews.com. 喺13 September 2017搵到.

[19] Michael, Clarke (25 May 2018). "Xinjiang's "transformation through education" camps". The Interpreter. Lowy Institute. 原著喺2019年12月3號歸檔. 喺25 May 2018搵到.

[20] "Why are Muslim Uyghurs being sent to 're-education' camps". Al Jazeera. 2018-06-08. 原著喺2019-04-02歸檔. 喺2018-06-11搵到.

[:5-21] "Why Xi Jinping's Xinjiang policy is a major change in China's ethnic politics". 華盛頓郵報. 2019-11-09. 喺2019-11-09搵到.

[22] Thum, Rian; Harris, Rachel; Leibold, James; Batke, Jessica; Carrico, Kevin; Roberts, Sean R. (2018-06-04). "How Should the World Respond to Intensifying Repression in Xinjiang?". ChinaFile. Center on U.S.-China Relations at Asia Society. 喺2018-06-04搵到.

[23] 〈加拿大夫妇居新疆10年感觉和维吾尔人同困大监狱 – 法国国际广播电台 - RFI〉。《RFI - 法国国际广播电台》 (簡體中文)。2021-04-26。喺2021-04-27搵到。

[:0-24] 23.0 ^23.1 〈維族女控再教育營中國外交部罕見大篇幅回應〉。《中央通訊社（台灣）》。2019-01-22。喺2021-03-07搵到。

[25] 林詩遠 (2021-02-05)。〈新疆集中營親歷者：不少年輕漂亮女子被欺凌〉。《大紀元時報》。喺2021-03-07搵到。

[26] 〈復旦維族高材生變再教育營學員？世維會發言人踢爆：北京搵臨記呃外媒｜蘋果日報〉。《Apple Daily 蘋果日報》 (香港中文)。原著喺2021-04-04歸檔。喺2021-04-04搵到。

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