Laurel-Yanny爭論
Laurel or Yanny,又叫 Yanny or Laurel,係2018年5月11號開始喺網上流傳嘅一段短錄音,同埋佢引起嘅錯聽爭論。[2]呢段錄音係2007年由歌劇演唱家Jay Aubrey Jones喺vocabulary.com錄製同發表嘅20萬個單字參考發音之一[注 1][4][5][6][7]。網絡上嘅爭論係講緊呢段錄音讀嘅字究竟係「Laurel」(/ˈlɔːrəl/ 或 /ˈlɒrəl/)定係「Yanny」(/ˈjæni/),而根據Twitter網絡調查顯示,聽咗錄音嘅50萬名網友之中,53%嘅人聽到「Laurel」,47%嘅人就話聽到「Yanny」。[4]
《衛報》話,呢個係繼藍黑白金裙之後,網絡上出現意見分歧最大嘅爭論。[8]呢個爭論喺網上爆紅幾日之後,vocabulary.com增加「Yanny」嘅條目,單字發音同「Laurel」一樣,佢嘅定義係「A yanny is a word or phrase that is capable of distracting the entire internet for at least 24 hours. When you "drop a yanny," you start a contentious debate on some type of public forum.」(Yanny係一個可以令成個互聯網陷入最少24個鐘嘅苦惱之中嘅單字或者片語,『丟個Yanny出嚟』即係喺一啲論壇上面開啟一個具爭論性嘅激辯。[9][10]」
背景與反應
[編輯]美國佐治亞州一個15歲女學生Katie Hetzel,當時讀緊福羅利·布朗其高級中學,喺vocabulary.com查「Laurel[注 2]」嘅單字發音嘅時候,聽到「Yanny」,於是將呢段錄音擺上去自己嘅Instagram動態到,佢朋友Fernando Castro就將呢段錄音製成一條短片,又重新擺上自己嘅Instagram動態到。第二日,網友RolandCamry將Castro嘅短片放上Reddit,YouTuber Cloe Feldman又轉發去佢嘅Twitter動態到,網上嘅爭論愈嚟愈激烈。[4][5]有份參與討論嘅名人包括艾倫狄珍妮、史提芬京、姫絲甸·泰根、占美金梅、官大為、陳孜昊[12][13][14][15][16],而個名同呢兩個字相似嘅雅尼同洛柔·哈蘿都有回應。[17]時任美國總統Donald Trump亦都喺白宮嘅Twitter到講笑咁回應:「I hear covfefe」。[18]
科學分析
[編輯]明尼蘇達大學聽力科學教授Benjamin Munson話,高頻之下會聽到「Yanny」,低頻就聽到「Laurel」。[2]高齡人由於有老年性耳聾,聽到高頻聲嘅能力可能降低,所以較大機會聽到「Laurel」。麻省眼科及耳科醫院嘅聽力學主任Kevin Franck就話,呢段錄音喺正「感知邊界」到,又用佢同奈克方塊比較。[19]悉尼大學心理學院嘅David Alais教授亦都將呢段錄音同奈克方塊或者魯賓之壺比較,話佢係「模稜兩可嘅感知刺激」。[8]亞利桑那大學嘅表達、語言及聽力學教授Brad Story話,低品質嘅錄音比較模糊。[1]挪威公共衛生研究所高級研究員Bo L. Engdahl話,呢個案例嘅接收者聽到嘅頻率都唔同,佢嘅效應同三全音悖論類似,係取決於接收者平時接觸到嘅語言或方言。[20]
如果將原始錄音調高或調低頻率嘅話,同一個接收者可以聽到唔同嘅單字發音。[21]《紐約時報》喺佢個網到發布咗個互動工具,接收者可以將呢段錄音嘅頻率調高或調低,就可以聽到「Laurel」或者「Yanny」,支時Munson嘅理論。[22]
加利福尼亞大學聖地牙哥分校心理教授Diana Deutsch話:「如果你視覺上見到嗰兩個詞彙,有啲人可能就只會聽到佢哋見到嗰個詞。」並解釋人會下意識將「好多自我」帶入聽覺入面,佢認為大多數人之所以聽到「Yanny」或者「Laurel」嘅發音,係因為短片上面寫咗呢兩個單字,導致促發效應,呢個案例顯示經驗會令認知產生偏差。[23]香港大學言語及聽覺科學部副教授吳民華就,除咗接收者嘅主觀意願、過往經驗之外,如果佢喺聽之前已經知道結果,都會影響接收結果。[24]
衍伸
[編輯]YouTube頻道DosmRider喺2014年5月9號上傳一條短片,內容係講《少年駭客》系列嘅玩具周邊,其中一件玩具嘅音效入面,所講嘅究竟係「Brainstorm」定係「Green Needle」[注 3],亦都引起廣泛討論,原理同Laurel-Yanny都好類似。[25][26]
睇埋
[編輯]註
[編輯]參考資料
[編輯]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Jackson, Amanda (2018-05-16). "Laurel or Yanny? What science has to say". CNN. 原著喺2018-05-16歸檔. 喺2018-05-16搵到.
{{cite news}}
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suggested) (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kirby, Jen (2018-05-16). "Why you hear "Laurel" or "Yanny" in that viral audio clip, explained". Vox. 原著喺2018-05-16歸檔. 喺2018-05-16搵到.
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ ""Laurel Or Yanny?" Confuses The Internet". Eyerys.com. 2018-05-15. 原著喺2018-05-20歸檔. 喺2018-05-18搵到.
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Salam, Maya; Victor, Daniel (2018-05-15). "Laurel or Yanny? What We Heard From the Experts". The New York Times. 原著喺2018-05-17歸檔. 喺2018-05-18搵到.
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Matsakis, Louise (2018-05-16). "The True History of 'Yanny' and 'Laurel'". WIRED. 原著喺2018-05-16歸檔. 喺2018-05-16搵到.
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "laurel – Dictionary Definition". Vocabulary.com. 原著喺2018-05-16歸檔. 喺2018-05-17搵到.
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Meet the Voice Behind That 'Laurel' (or 'Yanny') Clip That's Driving Everyone Nuts". Time.com. 原著喺2018-05-19歸檔. 喺2018-05-19搵到.
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ 8.0 8.1 Watson, Chloe (2018-05-17). "Laurel or Yanny debate: why do some people hear a different word?". the Guardian (英文). 原著喺2018-05-17歸檔. 喺2018-05-17搵到.
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Here's why you're hearing "Yanny" – and why it's technically "Laurel"". CBS News (英文). 2018-05-17. 原著喺2018-05-17歸檔. 喺2018-05-17搵到.
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Yanny - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com". www.vocabulary.com. 原著喺2018-05-17歸檔. 喺2018-05-17搵到.
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ 〈「laurel」在英語-漢語(繁體)詞典中的翻譯〉。《劍橋詞典》。原著喺2021-02-05歸檔。喺2018-05-21搵到。
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Hoggatt, Aja (2018-05-15). "Is your favorite celeb a Yanny or a Laurel?". Entertainment Weekly (英文). 原著喺2018-05-16歸檔. 喺2018-05-16搵到.
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: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ O'Kane, Caitlin (2018-05-16). "Yanny vs. Laurel: What do you hear?". CBS News (英文). 原著喺2018-05-17歸檔. 喺2018-05-16搵到.
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Jimmy Kimmel (2018-05-16). "Laurel vs. Yanny" (英文). 原著喺2018-05-20歸檔. 喺2018-05-21搵到.
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Wiwi Kuan (2018-05-17)。〈「Laurel」和「Yanny」傻傻分不清楚?好和弦幫你解答!〉 (繁體中文)。原著喺2018-05-19歸檔。喺2018-05-20搵到。
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ HowHow (2018-05-18)。〈HowFun / Yanny、Laurel之亂〉 (繁體中文)。原著喺2018-05-22歸檔。喺2018-05-20搵到。
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Gray, Julia (2018-05-16). "Yanny Or Laurel: Yanni And Laurel Halo Weigh In". Stereogum. 原著喺2018-05-17歸檔. 喺2018-05-17搵到.
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Laurel, Yanny or ... covfefe? White House joins in on debate". Associated Press. 2018-05-17. 原著喺2019-02-17歸檔. 喺2018-05-18搵到.
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Ducharme, Jamie (2018-05-16). "An Audiologist Explains Why You Hear 'Yanny' or 'Laurel' — Or Both". Time (英文). 原著喺2018-05-16歸檔. 喺2018-05-16搵到.
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Dette er den nye 'kjolen': Hører du Laurel eller Yanny?". Aftenposten (挪威文). 2018-05-16. 原著喺2018-05-21歸檔. 喺2018-05-21搵到.
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: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Gutman, Rachel (2018-05-15). "A Linguist Explains Why 'Laurel' Sounds Like 'Yanny'". The Atlantic (英文). 原著喺2018-05-16歸檔. 喺2018-05-17搵到.
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: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Katz, Josh (2018-05-16). "We Made a Tool to Help You Hear Both Laurel and Yanny". The New York Times (美國英文). ISSN 0362-4331. 原著喺2018-05-16歸檔. 喺2018-05-17搵到.
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: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Web Only (2018-05-18)。〈Yanny還是Laurel?你的大腦是被什麼影響了?〉。《天下雜誌》 (繁體中文)。樂羽嘉翻譯。原著喺2018-05-22歸檔。喺2018-05-21搵到。
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ 〈Yanny 與Laurel讀音之爭拗 港大專家拆解神奇聲帶的秘密〉。《香港經濟日報》 (繁體中文)。2018-05-18。原著喺2018-05-22歸檔。喺2018-05-21搵到。
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ 25.0 25.1 "BRAINSTORM OR GREEN NEEDLE? NEW VIDEO SHOWS 'LAUREL OR YANNY' STYLE ILLUSION – AND IT IS EVEN MORE PERPLEXING". The Independent (英文). 2018-05-17. 原著喺2018-05-18歸檔. 喺2018-05-21搵到.
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ DosmRider (2018-05-17). "Ben 10 Alien Force Ultimate Omnitrix Review" (英文). 原著喺2018-05-22歸檔. 喺2014-05-09搵到.
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