第三次納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫戰爭
第三次納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫戰爭 | |||||||||
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納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫衝突同後蘇聯衝突嘅一部分 | |||||||||
![]() 2023年9月20號,納卡地區嘅軍事局勢(詳細地圖) 阿塞拜疆喺進攻佔領咗嘅地區
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參戰方 | |||||||||
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指揮官同領導者 | |||||||||
參戰單位 | |||||||||
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傷亡同損失 | |||||||||
192位軍人死亡[8] 511位軍人受傷[8] | 超過190位軍人死亡[9] 超過360位軍人受傷[9] |
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10位亞美尼亞平民、1位阿塞拜疆平民死亡 40位亞美尼亞平民、1位阿塞拜疆平民受傷[a] 5位俄羅斯維和人員被阿塞拜疆軍隊擊斃[12] |
第三次納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫戰爭,又叫做阿塞拜疆入侵阿爾察赫 (亞美尼亞文:Ադրբեջանի ներխուժում Արցախ) 係阿爾察赫同阿塞拜疆喺2023年9月19-20號之間發生嘅交戰,總共只係維持咗2日。當時,阿塞拜疆違反咗第二次納卡戰爭之後創立嘅停火協議[14][15],對分離政權阿爾察赫發起大規模嘅軍事進攻。呢次攻勢發生喺受爭議嘅納卡地區,雖然係公認嘅阿塞拜疆國土,不過居民都主要係亞美尼亞人[16]。
戰前,阿塞拜疆對阿爾察赫發動嘅封鎖已經維持咗9個月,令當地嘅危機升級,同時出現糧食同藥物嚴重短缺[17]。
喺9月20號,亦即係軍事行動嘅第二日,俄羅斯喺納卡嘅維和部隊進行咗調解,雙方達成咗停火協議[18],而呢個對唔少人嚟説等同阿爾察赫投降[19][20][21]。之後嗰日,雙方嘅代表喺埃里溫舉行咗一次會議,亦同時計劃咗未來嘅會議[22][23]。不過,跟據阿爾察赫當地嘅居民報告,阿塞拜疆即使參加咗會議,仍然無視停火協議,繼續進攻[24][25]。
到9月28號,阿爾察赫總統薩姆維爾·沙赫拉馬尼揚簽咗命令,宣佈喺2024年1月1號,解散國内嘅所有機關,阿爾察赫自此正式滅亡[26]。
喺戰爭開始咗之後冇耐,當地嘅亞美尼亞人已經知道阿爾察赫勝算唔高,加上嚟自阿塞拜疆嘅種族滅絕威脅,紛紛都逃離去亞美尼亞,造成咗2023年納卡難民潮[27][28][29]。人權組織同種族滅絕預防專家發出咗多次警報,指出當地嘅亞美尼亞人面臨住種族清洗同種族滅絕嘅風險,或者甚至已經承受緊呢啲侵害。國際刑事法院第一任檢察官 Luis Ocampo 警告話,亞美尼亞大屠殺有機會再一次歷史重演,佢同時批評國際社會對阿塞拜疆嘅行動坐視不理,其實係鼓勵緊佢哋嘅做法,令佢哋覺得自己嘅行爲唔會帶嚟嚴重嘅後果同代價[30]。
睇埋
[編輯]註
[編輯]攷
[編輯]- ↑ "Azerbaijan Says Aims For 'Peaceful Reintegration' Of Karabakh Armenians". Barron's. 2023-09-20. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-23. 喺2023-09-22搵到.
The offensive was seen as a major victory for Azerbaijan, which won a 2020 war with Armenia and has since sought to repopulate Karabakh.
- ↑ 〈快訊!外媒:「納卡共和國」宣布將於2024年1月1日停止存在〉. 《環球網》. 2023-09-28. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-28. 喺2023-09-28搵到.
- ↑ Ebel, Francesca (2023-09-28). "Defeated by force, Nagorno-Karabakh government declares it will dissolve". Washington Post. 喺2023-09-28搵到.
- ↑ "Armenian separatists in Karabakh surrender and agree to ceasefire with Azerbaijan". Reuters. 2023-09-20. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-20. 喺2023-09-20搵到.
Under the agreement, confirmed by both sides and effective from 1 pm (0900 GMT) on Wednesday, separatist forces will disband and disarm and talks on the future of the region and the ethnic Armenians who live there will start on Thursday.
- ↑ "Karabakh Separatists To Hold Integration Talks With Azerbaijan Thursday". Barron's. 2023-09-20. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-20. 喺2023-09-20搵到.
- ↑ Mehman, Asif (2023-09-20). "More than 90 combat positions of Armenian armed forces units come under control of Azerbaijani Army". Trend News Agency. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-20. 喺2023-09-20搵到.
- ↑ "Baku says it controls over 90 combat positions of Armenian forces in Karabakh". TASS. 原先內容歸檔喺22 September 2023. 喺22 September 2023搵到.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "192 Azerbaijani servicemen martyred during the local anti-terrorist measures". Azeri Press Agency (英文). 喺2023-09-27搵到.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Արցախում առնվազն 200 զոհ կա, ավելի քան 400 վիրավոր. ՄԻՊ". news.am. 2023-09-20. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-21. 喺2023-09-20搵到.
- ↑ "Ermənistan silahlı qüvvələrinin Şuşaya atəşi nəticəsində Şuşa Şəhəri Dövlət Qoruğunun mühənidisi həlak olub" (亞塞拜然文). Trend News Agency. 2023-09-19. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-19. 喺2023-09-19搵到.
- ↑ "Shelling-injured digger driver in Azerbaijan's Aghdam by separatists, details incident". Trend News Agency. 2023-09-20. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-20. 喺2023-09-21搵到.
- ↑ "Baş Prokurorluq Rusiya sülhməramlılarının həlak olduğu insidentlə bağlı istintaq aparır" (亞塞拜然文). Trend News Agency. 21 September 2023. 原先內容歸檔喺21 September 2023. 喺21 September 2023搵到.
- ↑ "Armenia reports the arrival of 42,500 refugees from Nagorno-Karabakh". Euronews. 2023-09-27. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-27. 喺2023-09-27搵到.
- ↑ "Armenia, Azerbaijan: Baku Launches Military Operation In Nagorno-Karabakh". Stratfor. 2023-09-19. 原著喺2023-09-19歸檔. 喺2023-09-22搵到.
...the Russian peacekeeping contingent is incapable of preventing Azerbaijan's seizure of the region, despite this being a clear violation of the November 2020 ceasefire brokered by Russia that ended the last war.
- ↑ "Joint statement on Azerbaijan's attack on Nagorno-Karabakh | Communiqués | Documents | DSCA | Delegations | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu (英文). 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-22. 喺2023-09-21搵到.
We condemn in the strongest terms today's pre-planned and unjustified attack of Azerbaijan against Nagorno-Karabakh...We recall that the attack takes place in the context of a major humanitarian crisis in Nagorno-Karabakh, following Azerbaijan's blockade of the Lachin Corridor for the past nine months, in violation of Baku's commitments under the ceasefire statement of 9 November 2020 and of the legally binding orders of the International Court of Justice. Humanitarian access to Nagorno-Karabakh needs to be fully and permanently restored.
- ↑ Ilyushina, Mary (2023-09-19). "Fighting flares between Azerbaijan and Armenia in Nagorno-Karabakh". The Washington Post. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-19. 喺2023-09-19搵到.
Azerbaijan and Armenia have repeatedly clashed over Nagorno-Karabakh, which is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan but largely populated by ethnic Armenians and largely governed by the unrecognized Republic of Artsakh.
- ↑ Roth, Andrew (2023-09-19). "Azerbaijan launches 'anti-terrorist' campaign in disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region". 《The Guardian》. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-19. 喺2023-09-19搵到.
- ↑ "Russian-mediated ceasefire announced in Nagorno-Karabakh". Armenpress. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-21. 喺2023-09-20搵到.
- ↑ "Karabakh separatists to disband after surrender to Azerbaijan". France 24 (英文). 2023-09-28. 喺2023-12-18搵到.
- ↑ Watch, Genocide (2023-09-21). "Genocide Alert:Artsakh surrenders to Azerbaijan". genocidewatch (英文). 喺2023-12-18搵到.
- ↑ "Russia says Armenian separatists surrender arms after Azerbaijan reclaims Nagorno-Karabakh". AP News (英文). 2023-09-22. 喺2023-12-18搵到.
- ↑ "Ethnic Armenians accept Russia ceasefire plan after Azerbaijan offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh". 《CNN》 (英文). 2023-09-20. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-20. 喺2023-09-20搵到.
- ↑ "BREAKING: Stepanakert to disband army in ceasefire deal". CIVILNET. 2023-09-20. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-20. 喺2023-09-20搵到.
- ↑ "МВД Нагорного Карабаха обвинило Азербайджан в нарушении договора о прекращении огня". Meduza. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-21. 喺2023-09-21搵到.
- ↑ "Aserbaidschan soll Waffenruhe gebrochen haben". Rheinische Post. 2023-09-21. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-21. 喺2023-09-21搵到.
- ↑ Ebel, Francesca (2023-09-28). "For three decades, Nagorno-Karabakh sought statehood. That quest is dead". Washington Post (美國英文). ISSN 0190-8286. 喺2023-12-18搵到.
- ↑ "Guarantee Right to Return to Nagorno Karabakh | Human Rights Watch" (英文). 2023-10-05. 喺2023-12-18搵到.
- ↑ Service, RFE/RL's Armenian. "Armenian Exodus From Nagorno-Karabakh Tops 100,000; UN Readies For Visit". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty (英文). 喺2023-12-18搵到.
- ↑ "More than 80% of Nagorno-Karabakh's population flees as future uncertain for those who remain". Yahoo Finance (加拿大英文). 2023-09-29. 原著喺2023-09-30歸檔. 喺2023-12-18搵到.
- ↑ Moreno Ocampo, Luis (22 September 2023). "Call what is happening in Nagorno-Karabakh by its proper name". 《華盛頓郵報》. 原先內容歸檔喺22 September 2023. 喺22 September 2023搵到.