調式

喺現代嘅西樂樂理，調式（英文：mode）係指大調音階以唔同音開始嘅各種順序排列方式，亦指其他音樂體系嘅標準音階以唔同音開始嘅順序排列方式；大調由七個音組成，所以對應七個調式。流行曲講調式就係呢種。

｢調式｣以前唔係咁解，例如中世紀早期講八個調式、後來講十二個調式^[1]，呢啲調式同音階有幾多個音都冇任何關係。傳統音樂——例如阿拉伯音樂或者土耳其音樂等等——講嘅調式亦比較接近以前講嘅嗰種。

調式嘅第一個音通常唔叫主音，叫｢終音｣（final）。

現代西樂嘅調式

現代西樂嘅調式指大調音階以唔同音開始嘅各種順序排列方式；個音階有幾多個音，就有幾多個調式——大調由七個音組成，所以對應七個調式——得出嘅音階用起音嗰個音畀名，每個調式亦有自己嘅順階和弦。例如如果用 C 大調嘅音，但係第三級音起音，因為係第三級音起音，所以叫｢費里吉安調式｣，但係因為起音嘅係 E 音，所以叫｢E 費里吉安調式｣。

調式可以睇成係強調某個升或者降咗半音嘅音，或者睇成用嚟形造某種感覺嘅聲嘅方法^[2]。

起音音級	名	別名	例（C 調）
1	艾奧尼安調式^{[註 1]} (Ionian)	大調	$\layout { line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver } { \set Staff.midiMinimumVolume = 0.0 \set Staff.midiMaximumVolume = 0.0 \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose c c' { c4 -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d \stopGroup e -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f \stopGroup g -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup a \stopGroup b -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c'1 \stopGroup } } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } { \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose c c' { \hideNotes c4 d -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e \stopGroup f -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup g \stopGroup a -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b \stopGroup c'1 } } >>$
2	多里安調式^{[註 2]} (Dorian)	唔適用	$\layout { line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver } { \set Staff.midiMinimumVolume = 0.0 \set Staff.midiMaximumVolume = 0.0 \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose d c' { d4 -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e \stopGroup f -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup g \stopGroup a -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b \stopGroup c' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d'1 \stopGroup } } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } { \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose d c' { \hideNotes d4 e -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f \stopGroup g -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup a \stopGroup b -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c' \stopGroup d'1 } } >>$
3	費里吉安調式^{[註 3]} (Phrygian)	唔適用	$\layout { line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver } { \set Staff.midiMinimumVolume = 0.0 \set Staff.midiMaximumVolume = 0.0 \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose e c' { e4 -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f \stopGroup g -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup a \stopGroup b -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c' \stopGroup d' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e'1 \stopGroup } } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } { \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose e c' { \hideNotes e4 f -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup g \stopGroup a -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b \stopGroup c' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d' \stopGroup e'1 } } >>$
4	利地安調式^{[註 4]} (Lydian)	唔適用	$\layout { line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver } { \set Staff.midiMinimumVolume = 0.0 \set Staff.midiMaximumVolume = 0.0 \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose f c' { f4 -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup g \stopGroup a -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b \stopGroup c' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d' \stopGroup e' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f'1 \stopGroup } } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } { \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose f c' { \hideNotes f4 g -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup a \stopGroup b -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c' \stopGroup d' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e' \stopGroup f'1 } } >>$
5	米索利地安調式^{[註 5]} (Mixolydian)	唔適用	$\layout { line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver } { \set Staff.midiMinimumVolume = 0.0 \set Staff.midiMaximumVolume = 0.0 \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose g c' { g4 -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup a \stopGroup b -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c' \stopGroup d' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e' \stopGroup f' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup g'1 \stopGroup } } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } { \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose g c' { \hideNotes g4 a -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b \stopGroup c' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d' \stopGroup e' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f' \stopGroup g'1 } } >>$
6	伊奧利安調式^{[註 6]} (Aeolian)	自然小調	$\layout { line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver } { \set Staff.midiMinimumVolume = 0.0 \set Staff.midiMaximumVolume = 0.0 \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose a c' { a4 -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b \stopGroup c' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d' \stopGroup e' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f' \stopGroup g' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup a'1 \stopGroup } } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } { \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose a c' { \hideNotes a4 b -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c' \stopGroup d' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e' \stopGroup f' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup g' \stopGroup a'1 } } >>$
7	洛克裏亞調式^{[註 7]} (Locrian)	唔適用	$\layout { line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver } { \set Staff.midiMinimumVolume = 0.0 \set Staff.midiMaximumVolume = 0.0 \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose b c' { b4 -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c' \stopGroup d' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e' \stopGroup f' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup g' \stopGroup a' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b'1 \stopGroup } } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } { \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose b c' { \hideNotes b4 c' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d' \stopGroup e' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f' \stopGroup g' -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup a' \stopGroup b'1 } } >>$

教會調式

古希臘嘅調式

古希臘嘅調式係由管或者弦分成約干等分而得出^[3]，主要調式叫多里安調^{[註 8]}或者日調式^[暫譯]^[4]，但係古希臘嘅多里安調同現代嘅多里安調式唔同。

參考資料

↑ Hiley, David (2011). "mode". 出自 Latham, Alison (編). Oxford Companion to Music (英文). 喺2024年12月13號搵到.
↑ Beato 2019, 8:10, 7:10.
↑ Hamilton 1953, 第1章.
↑ Hamilton 1953, 第4章.

註

↑ 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組 2023, p. 27
↑ 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組 2023, p. 17
↑ 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組 2023, p. 40
↑ 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組 2023, p. 30
↑ 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組 2023, p. 33
↑ 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組 2023, p. 2
↑ 可能其實係普通話（個｢裏｣字唔應該喺譯音名出現，其他譯名亦唔係用｢亞｣而係用｢安｣），譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組 2023, p. 30
↑ 譯名見：劉志明 2020年, p. 3

書目

Beato, Rick (2019年2月26號). Music Theory Basics: Modes and How To Use Them (英文). 喺2024年12月13號搵到.
Hamilton, Elsie (1953). The Modes of Ancient Greece (PDF) (英文). 喺2024年12月13號搵到.
劉志明 (2020年)。〈調式的淵源〉 (PDF). 《額我略歌曲的調式》 (香港中文)。喺2024年12月13號搵到。
課程發展處藝術教育組 (2023年9月)。〈音樂科學與教常用英漢辭彙〉 (PDF) (英文、香港中文)。教育局。喺2024年7月22號搵到。

[1] Hiley, David (2011). "mode". 出自 Latham, Alison (編). Oxford Companion to Music (英文). 喺2024年12月13號搵到.

[FOOTNOTEBeato20198:10,_7:10-2] Beato 2019, 8:10, 7:10.

[FOOTNOTEHamilton1953第1章-10] Hamilton 1953, 第1章.

[FOOTNOTEHamilton1953第4章-12] Hamilton 1953, 第4章.

[g-eaef4235c0cf341dab54cfdd2374303a-3] 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組 2023, p. 27

[g-439abbb74c2053157cbb3c35465a510b-4] 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組 2023, p. 17

[g-ddb8c139528c32638885b50693c411be-5] 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組 2023, p. 40

[g-65cc1bcb7c559170a70f2d60cf5dfd20-6] 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組 2023, p. 30

[g-4e105f1ef6e4bd3af386b0d08f6b69e3-7] 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組 2023, p. 33

[g-e4a7eeb2195bf71812b8c34d4b9932d5-8] 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組 2023, p. 2

[g-b621aa05dfc2f807d0ae6f98fd29fe35-9] 可能其實係普通話（個｢裏｣字唔應該喺譯音名出現，其他譯名亦唔係用｢亞｣而係用｢安｣），譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組 2023, p. 30

[g-1aa25ee1f503e32a265acadf464cede3-11] 譯名見：劉志明 2020年, p. 3

[1]

[2]

[註 1]

[註 2]

[註 3]

[註 4]

[註 5]

[註 6]

[註 7]

[3]

[註 8]

[4]