小調

小調（英文：minor scale）係一類音階，基本上同大調類似，都係由七個音或者七個音程組成，但係特徵係音階嘅第三個音會低同名大調一個半音（flat third），例如 C 大調第三個音符係 E 音，而 C 小調嘅第三個音就係 E♭（讀「E-flat」）。

喺傳統嘅西樂樂理，小調會再分三種，分別係自然小調^{[註 1]}（natural minor）、和聲小調^{[註 2]}（harmonic minor）同旋律小調^{[註 3]}（melodic minor）；不過其實有第啲小調，例如西樂嘅五聲音階亦有佢嘅五聲小調音階。

自然小調

$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose a, c' { \time 32/4 a,4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b,\stopGroup c-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d\stopGroup e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f\stopGroup g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize a1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose a, c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 a,4 b,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c\stopGroup d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e\stopGroup f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup g\stopGroup a1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose a, c' { \time 32/4 a,4 b, c d e f g a1 } }$

C 自然小調 / C 伊奧利安調式。

構成自然小調嘅音程係全音、半音、全音、全音、半音、全音、全音。

自然小調有第個名，叫伊奧利安調式^{[註 4]}（Aeolian mode^{[註 5]}）。所謂伊奧利安調式，係指如果由某大調嘅第六級音開始，彈一個八度，就會得出對應嘅自然小調，調號同原本嘅大調一樣；呢兩個調嘅關係叫關係調，關係小調嘅主音（音階嘅第一個音）低過關係大調嘅主音三個半音^[1]。

有啲音樂人認為，如果話一件作品係用咗伊奧利安調式（而唔係話佢用咗自然小調），就應該寫到佢唔似調性音樂。

順階和弦

構成自然小調嘅七個音，對應七個順階和弦：

名		構成音	性質	例（C 自然小調）
羅馬數字	數字和弦	構成音	性質	例（C 自然小調）
i	1-	1-3-5	小和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <a, c e>1 }$
ii°	2°	2-4-6	減和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <b, d f>1 }$
III	3	3-5-7	大和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <c e g>1 }$
iv	4-	4-6-1	小和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <d f a>1 }$
v	5-	5-7-2	小和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <e g b>1 }$
VI	6	6-1-3	大和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <f a c'>1 }$
VII	7	7-2-4	大和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <g b d'>1 }$

和聲小調

$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose a, c' { \time 32/4 a,4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b,\stopGroup c-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d\stopGroup e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f\stopGroup gis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize a1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose a, c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 a,4 b,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c\stopGroup d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e\stopGroup f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音三度"\startGroup gis\stopGroup a1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose a, c' { \time 32/4 a,4 b, c d e f gis a1 } }$

C 和聲小調。

和聲小調基於自然小調，但係第七個音亦升半音；構成和聲小調嘅音程係全音、半音、全音、全音、半音、半音三度^{[註 6]}、半音。

佢之所以叫和聲小調，係因為寫和聲嗰陣用嘅小和弦通常係用呢種小調（不過如果唔牽涉到第七個音，整出嚟嘅和弦同用自然小調唔會有分別）。和聲小調嘅調號同自然小調一樣，第七個音升半音要用臨時記號。

順階和弦

構成和聲小調嘅七個音，對應七個順階和弦：

名		構成音	音程		性質	例（C 和聲小調）
羅馬數字	數字和弦	構成音	下半	上半	性質	例（C 和聲小調）
i	1-	1-3-5	小三度	大三度	小和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <a, c e>1 }$
ii°	2°	2-4-6	小三度	小三度	減和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <b, d f>1 }$
III⁺	3⁺	3-5-7♯	大三度	大三度	增和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <c e gis>1 }$
iv	4-	4-6-1	小三度	大三度	小和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <d f a>1 }$
V	5	5-7♯-2	大三度	小三度	大和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <e gis b>1 }$
VI	6	6-1-3	大三度	小三度	大和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <f a c'>1 }$
vii°	7°	7♯-2-4	小三度	小三度	減和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <gis b d'>1 }$

調式

和聲小調對應七個唔同嘅調式^[2]：

起音音級	名	別名	例（中央 C 起音）
1	和聲小調 (harmonic minor)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose a, c' { \time 32/4 a,4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b,\stopGroup c-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d\stopGroup e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f\stopGroup gis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize a1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose a, c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 a,4 b,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c\stopGroup d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e\stopGroup f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音三度"\startGroup gis\stopGroup a1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose a, c' { \time 32/4 a,4 b, c d e f gis a1 } }$
2	洛克里安還原六級調式^[暫譯] (Locrian ♮6)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose b, c' { \time 32/4 b,4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c\stopGroup d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e\stopGroup f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音三度"\startGroup gis\stopGroup a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize b1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose b, c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 b,4 c-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d\stopGroup e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f\stopGroup gis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose b, c' { \time 32/4 b,4 c d e f gis a b1 } }$
3	艾奧尼安增和弦調式^[暫譯] (Ionian augmented)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose c c' { \time 32/4 c4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d\stopGroup e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f\stopGroup gis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize c'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose c c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 c4 d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e\stopGroup f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音三度"\startGroup gis\stopGroup a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose c c' { \time 32/4 c4 d e f gis a b c'1 } }$
4	多里安升四級調式^[暫譯] (Dorian ♯4)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose d c' { \time 32/4 d4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e\stopGroup f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音三度"\startGroup gis\stopGroup a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize d'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose d c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 d4 e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f\stopGroup gis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c'\stopGroup d'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose d c' { \time 32/4 d4 e f gis a b c' d'1 } }$
5	費里吉安大和弦調式^[暫譯] (Phrygian major)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose e c' { \time 32/4 e4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f\stopGroup gis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c'\stopGroup d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize e'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose e c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 e4 f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音三度"\startGroup gis\stopGroup a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d'\stopGroup e'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose e c' { \time 32/4 e4 f gis a b c' d' e'1 } }$
6	利地安升九級調式^[暫譯] (Lydian ♯9)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose f c' { \time 32/4 f4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音三度"\startGroup gis\stopGroup a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d'\stopGroup e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize f'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose f c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 f4 gis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c'\stopGroup d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e'\stopGroup f'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose f c' { \time 32/4 f4 gis a b c' d' e' f'1 } }$
7	變化屬和弦重降七級調式^[暫譯] (altered dominant 𝄫7)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose gis c' { \time 32/4 gis4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c'\stopGroup d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e'\stopGroup f'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音三度"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize gis'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose gis c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 gis4 a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d'\stopGroup e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup f'\stopGroup gis'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose gis c' { \time 32/4 gis4 a b c' d' e' f' gis'1 } }$

旋律小調

$\layout { line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver } { % 兩個聲部啲音完全冇分別，只係括弧唔同，咁做係夾硬嚟，唔係做唔到，呢個係 LilyPond 嘅限制 \new Voice \with { \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver } \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <>^\markup \right-align { "上行形：" } a,4 -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b, \stopGroup c -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d \stopGroup e -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup fis \stopGroup gis -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup a2. \stopGroup\break % \key a \minor <>^\markup \right-align { " 下行形：" } a4 -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup g \stopGroup f -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup e \stopGroup d -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup c \stopGroup b, -\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup a,1 \stopGroup } } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } { \set Staff.midiMinimumVolume = 0.0 \set Staff.midiMaximumVolume = 0.0 \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose a, c' { \hideNotes \key a \minor a,4 b, \tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c \stopGroup d \tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e \stopGroup fis \tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup gis \stopGroup a2. \break a4 g \tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup f \stopGroup e \tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d \stopGroup c \tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup b, \stopGroup a,1 } } >>$

C 旋律小調。

旋律小調亦係基於自然小調。佢叫旋律小調，係因為寫旋律嗰陣通常係用佢。佢嘅調號同自然小調一樣，第六同七個音有需要嘅時候要用臨時記號。

古典音樂嘅旋律小調

樂理上講旋律小調，一般係跟古典音樂嘅傳統^[3]，升上去嘅上行形^{[註 6]}同落返嚟嘅下行形^{[註 6]}唔同；上行形第六、七個音都升半音，下行形同自然小調一樣。構成旋律小調嘅音程，上行係全音、半音、全音、全音、全音、全音、半音，下行係全音、全音、半音、全音、全音、半音、全音。

順階和弦

構成旋律小調上行形七個音，下行形都係七個音，但係因為上落唔同嘅第六級同第七級會影響和弦結構，旋律小調同上面嗰兩種唔同，唔係七個順階和弦，而係有成 13 個。

除咗第一個順階和弦唔涉及第六同第七級音所以上落一樣之外，其餘六個都係上落唔同。上行形係呢七個：

名		構成音	音程		性質	例（C 旋律小調）
羅馬數字	數字和弦	構成音	下半	上半	性質	例（C 旋律小調）
i	1-	1-3-5	小三度	大三度	小和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <a, c e>1 }$
ii°	2°	2-4-6♯	小三度	大三度	小和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <b, d fis>1 }$
III⁺	3⁺	3-5-7♯	大三度	大三度	增和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <c e gis>1 }$
IV	4	4-6♯-1	大三度	小三度	大和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <d fis a>1 }$
V	5	5-7♯-2	大三度	小三度	大和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <e gis b>1 }$
vi°	6°	6♯-1-3	小三度	小三度	減和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <fis a c'>1 }$
vii°	7°	7♯-2-4	小三度	小三度	減和弦	$\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose a, c' { \key a \minor <gis b d'>1 }$

下行形同自然小調一樣。

爵士樂嘅旋律小調

爵士樂嘅旋律小調同古典音樂唔同，下行形同上行形一樣^[3]。

順階和弦

爵士樂嘅旋律小調上行形同下行形一樣，都係七個音，所以得七個順階和弦，即係上個表嗰七個。

調式

爵士樂嘅旋律小調嘅下行形同上行形一樣，對應七個唔同嘅調式^[4]：

起音音級	名	別名	例（中央 C 起音）
1	旋律小調 (melodic minor)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose a, c' { \time 32/4 a,4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b,\stopGroup c-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d\stopGroup e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup fis\stopGroup gis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize a1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose a, c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 a,4 b,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c\stopGroup d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e\stopGroup fis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup gis\stopGroup a1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose a, c' { \time 32/4 a,4 b, c d e fis gis a1 } }$
2	多里安降二級調式^[暫譯] (Dorian ♭2)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose b, c' { \time 32/4 b,4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c\stopGroup d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e\stopGroup fis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup gis\stopGroup a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize b1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose b, c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 b,4 c-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d\stopGroup e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup fis\stopGroup gis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose b, c' { \time 32/4 b,4 c d e fis gis a b1 } }$
3	利地安增和弦調式^[暫譯] (Lydian augmented)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose c c' { \time 32/4 c4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d\stopGroup e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup fis\stopGroup gis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize c'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose c c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 c4 d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e\stopGroup fis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup gis\stopGroup a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose c c' { \time 32/4 c4 d e fis gis a b c'1 } }$
4	米索利地安升十一級調式^[暫譯] (Mixolydian ♯11)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose d c' { \time 32/4 d4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e\stopGroup fis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup gis\stopGroup a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize d'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose d c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 d4 e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup fis\stopGroup gis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c'\stopGroup d'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose d c' { \time 32/4 d4 e fis gis a b c' d'1 } }$
5	米索利地安降六級調式^[暫譯] (Mixolydian ♭6)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose e c' { \time 32/4 e4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup fis\stopGroup gis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c'\stopGroup d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize e'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose e c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 e4 fis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup gis\stopGroup a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d'\stopGroup e'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose e c' { \time 32/4 e4 fis gis a b c' d' e'1 } }$
6	洛克里安還原二級調式^[暫譯] (Locrian ♮2)	唔適用	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose fis c' { \time 32/4 fis4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup gis\stopGroup a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d'\stopGroup e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize fis'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose fis c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 fis4 gis-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c'\stopGroup d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e'\stopGroup fis'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose fis c' { \time 32/4 fis4 gis a b c' d' e' fis'1 } }$
7	超洛克里安調式^[暫譯] (Supralocrian)	變化屬和弦調式^[暫譯] (altered dominant^{[註 7]})	$\header { tagline = "" } \score { \layout { indent = #0 line-width = #72 ragged-last = ##f \context { \Score \override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2 \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver } } << \new Staff \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8 } \transpose gis c' { \time 32/4 gis4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup a\stopGroup b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup c'\stopGroup d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup e'\stopGroup fis'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup \once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090" \once \override Stem.color = "#909090" \parenthesize gis'1\stopGroup } \new Staff \with { \remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver \override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0 } \new Voice \with { \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver \override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN \override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1) \override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9 } \transpose gis c' { \hideNotes \time 32/4 gis4 a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup b\stopGroup c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup d'\stopGroup e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup fis'\stopGroup gis'1 } >> } \score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } \transpose gis c' { \time 32/4 gis4 a b c' d' e' fis' gis'1 } }$

例

好似降 E 小調（E♭ minor）就係一段出名嘅小調（除咗第二個音 F 音之外，啲音符冚唪唥要降號）：

${ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \key es \minor \time 8/4 es4^\markup { 自然小調 } f ges aes bes ces des es des ces bes aes ges f es2 } }$

但係用降 E 小調寫旋律，除非係想用伊奧利安調式，其實通常唔會用上面嗰隻，而係會用旋律小調，上去同落返嚟唔同：

$\new Staff = "main" \with { \remove Time_signature_engraver \consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver } \relative c' { \clef treble \key es \minor \time 8/4 es4^\markup { 旋律小調 } f ges aes bes c\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "升半音"\startGroup d\stopGroup es \tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "下降呢截同自然小調一樣"\startGroup des ces bes aes ges f es2\stopGroup }$

參考資料

↑ Bray n.d.
↑ Beato 2021, 27:18.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Beato 2021, 20:50.
↑ Beato 2021, 19:50.

註

↑ 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組, p. 35
↑ 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組, p. 24
↑ 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組, p. 32
↑ 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組, p. 2
↑ Aeolian 通常係讀 /eɪˈoʊliən/。
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 譯名見：Chi 2017
↑ 原文見：Beato 2021, 23:42

書目

課程發展處藝術教育組 (2023年9月)。〈音樂科學與教常用英漢辭彙〉 (PDF) (英文、香港中文)。教育局。喺2024年7月22號搵到。
Beato, Rick (2021年10月2號). Music Theory Masterclass 3: The Modes in 30 Minutes (英文). 喺2024年12月13號搵到.
Bray, Trevor (n.d.). "Relative minor and relative major". An introduction to music theory (美國英文). The Open University. 喺2024年10月28號搵到.
Chi, Kennedy (2017年10月15號)。〈日本五聲音階〉。喺2024年10月28號搵到。

自然音階同埋調

	調號嘅升/降號數量	大調	小調	大調	小調
	調號嘅升/降號數量	升號		降號
常用七大/小調	0	C大調 - A小調
	1	G大調	E小調	F大調	D小調
	2	D大調	B小調	B♭大調	G小調
	3	A大調	F♯小調	E♭大調	C小調
	4	E大調	C♯小調	A♭大調	F小調
	5	B大調	G♯小調	D♭大調	B♭小調
	6	F♯大調	D♯小調	G♭大調	E♭小調
	7	C♯大調	A♯小調	C♭大調	A♭小調
理論調	8	G♯大調	E♯小調	F♭大調	D♭小調

[FOOTNOTEBrayn.d.-6] Bray n.d.

[FOOTNOTEBeato202127:18-8] Beato 2021, 27:18.

[FOOTNOTEBeato202120:50-9] 3.0 ^3.1 Beato 2021, 20:50.

[FOOTNOTEBeato202119:50-10] Beato 2021, 19:50.

[g-3b524058b6bfdf12e6066028815e5273-1] 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組, p. 35

[g-f7c396664e5ada0744c6c9494c50f325-2] 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組, p. 24

[g-32190abc9a1b14662246b5082929b217-3] 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組, p. 32

[g-98d5e252f0cc30ee1630c080667f1e72-4] 譯名見：課程發展處藝術教育組, p. 2

[5] Aeolian 通常係讀 /eɪˈoʊliən/。

[g-ff7ae90b6cd0dfbf74e365b7c6dc116d-7] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 譯名見：Chi 2017

[g-794faf933b7d0d9b37f26f437812ed96-11] 原文見：Beato 2021, 23:42

[註 1]

[註 2]

[註 3]

[註 4]

[註 5]

[1]

[註 6]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[註 7]