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流散

出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書
位於德國嘅流散墨西哥人慶祝墨西哥獨立日

流散係一種人口學現象，就係當一個民族嘅部分人，唔住喺嗰個民族原有嘅家鄉地[1][2]。呢個字眼特別係用喺一班人對某一個地區有認同，但係佢哋自己就住喺另外一個地方[3][4][5]。

最出名嘅流散就係猶太人喺俾巴比倫打敗之後嘅流散人口[6]。其他歷史上喺亞洲嘅流散人口包括：亞述人[7][8]、亞美尼亞大屠殺之後嘅亞美尼亞人[9][10][11]、喺19世紀期間嘅華人同印度人[12]、住喺印度半島嘅羅姆人[13]等等。喺歐洲嘅包括：喺拜占庭帝國滅亡之後嘅希臘人[14][15][16]、諾曼征服英格蘭之後嘅盎格魯-撒遜人[17]、饑荒期間嘅愛爾蘭人[18]、同埋1700-1800年代期間嘅蘇格蘭人[19]等等。

由於打仗嘅關係，近年有唔少都係流散人口都係嚟自中東，包括：以巴衝突開始之後嘅巴勒斯坦人[20]、黎巴嫩內戰開始嘅黎巴嫩人[21]、同埋敘利亞內戰期間嘅敘利亞人[22]。喺1979年伊朗革命之後，伊朗人喺歐美嘅流散人口，由50萬大增至到380萬，而最多人嘅地方係美國、加拿大、同埋土耳其[23]。

根據聯合國喺2019年嘅一份報告，世界上最大嘅流散人口係印度人，有1,750萬人，其次係墨西哥人，有1,180萬人，跟住係華人，有1,070萬人A[24]。

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  1. ↑ "Diaspora". 韋氏字典. 喺22 February 2011搵到.
  2. ↑ Melvin Ember, Carol R. Ember, 同埋 Ian Skoggard, 編 (2004). Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Volume I: Overviews and Topics; Volume II: Diaspora Communities. p. 26. ISBN 9780306483219.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: 編者名單 (link)
  3. ↑ "Diasporas". Migration Data Portal. 喺21 February 2020搵到.
  4. ↑ Edwards, Brent Hayes (8 October 2014). "Diaspora". Keywords for American Cultural Studies, Second Edition. 喺21 February 2020搵到.
  5. ↑ "Diaspora definition and meaning". CollinsDictionary.com. 喺21 February 2020搵到.
  6. ↑ "Babylonian Captivity | Definition, History, & Significance | Britannica". www.britannica.com (英文). 2023-07-06. 喺2023-08-08搵到.
  7. ↑ Demir, Sara (2017). "The atrocities against the Assyrians in 1915: A legal perspective". 出自 Travis, Hannibal (編). The Assyrian Genocide: Cultural and Political Legacies. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-98025-8.
  8. ↑ Gaunt, David; Atto, Naures; Barthoma, Soner O. (2019). "Introduction: Contextualizing the Sayfo in the First World War". Let Them Not Return: Sayfo – The Genocide Against the Assyrian, Syriac, and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire. Berghahn Books. ISBN 9781785334993.
  9. ↑ Bloxham, Donald (2005). The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism, and the Destruction of the Ottoman Armenians. 牛津大學出版社.
  10. ↑ Harutyunyan, Arus. Contesting National Identities in an Ethnically Homogeneous State: The Case of Armenian Democratization. Western Michigan University. p. 192. ISBN 9781109120127.
  11. ↑ Harutyunyan, Arus (2009-04-01). "Contesting National Identities in an Ethnically Homogeneous State: The Case of Armenian Democratization". Dissertations: 192.
  12. ↑ Yun, Lisa (2008). The coolie speaks : Chinese indentured laborers and African slaves in Cuba. Internet Archive. Philadelphia : Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-59213-581-3.
  13. ↑ Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark; Trillo, Richard (1999). World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Rough Guides. p. 147. ISBN 9781858286358. 喺8 December 2015搵到.
  14. ↑ "Fall of Constantinople". Encyclopædia Britannica. 原先內容歸檔喺19 August 2020. 喺2 August 2020搵到.
  15. ↑ Jones, Adam (2010). Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction (修訂版). London: Routledge. p. 163. ISBN 9780203846964. OCLC 672333335.
  16. ↑ Kaya, Önder (9 January 2013). "İstanbul'da GÜRCÜ Cemaati ve Katolik Gürcü kilisesi". Şalom (土耳其文). 喺25 April 2013搵到.
  17. ↑ "English Refugees in the Byzantine Armed Forces: The Varangian Guard and Anglo-Saxon Ethnic Consciousness". De Re Militari.
  18. ↑ Montgomery, David R. (14 May 2007). Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520933163.
  19. ↑ "The Highland Clearances". Historic UK. 喺9 September 2021搵到.
  20. ↑ "No way home: The tragedy of the Palestinian diaspora". The Independent. 22 October 2009. 喺23 November 2019搵到.
  21. ↑ Wwirtz, James J. (March 2008). "Things Fall Apart: Containing the Spillover from an Iraqi Civil Warby Daniel L. Byman and Kenneth M. Pollack". Political Science Quarterly. 123 (1): 157–158. doi:10.1002/j.1538-165x.2008.tb00621.x. ISSN 0032-3195.
  22. ↑ Kodmani, Bassma (5 December 2018). "The Syrian Diaspora, Old and New". Arab Reform Initiative.
  23. ↑ "Migration and Brain Drain from Iran | Iranian Studies". iranian-studies.stanford.edu (英文). 喺2023-11-11搵到.
  24. ↑ With $78 billion, India still highest overseas remittance receiver, The Economic Times, 28 November 2019.
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