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占星術

改拎
出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書
醫療占星術（中文：醫療占星術）用嘅人體解剖—占星關係圖。

占星術（粵拼：zim1 sing1 seot6）係用天體嘅相對位置仲有天體嘅運動（尤其係太陽系內行星嘅位置），去解釋又或者用占卜嚟預言人嘅命運或人事同地表事件嘅一種術數（中文：術數）[1][2][3][4]。占星術至少可以向上追溯去到公元前2000年，植根喺曆法系統去預測季節性變化，同埋將天體週期解釋做神聖傳意跡象嘅傳統[5]。好多文明都曾經有過將重要事件附會喺天文事件嘅傳統，而好似中國、印度同瑪雅呢啲古文明甚至仲發展出咗一套複雜嘅系統，透過天文觀測嚟預測地表嘅事件。呢啲可以追溯去到公元前19世紀去到而家嘅17世紀嘅美索不達米亞文明，仲喺嗰度傳播去到古希臘、羅馬同阿拉伯世界，仲最後傳到去中西歐地區。當代嘅西方占星術通常同天宮圖（中文：天宮圖）嘅系統互相聯繫，標榜住呢樣嘢喺天體嘅位置嚟解釋唔同嘅人格同埋預測人生裡面嘅重大事件；多數專業嘅占星家都依賴住呢個系統[6]:83。

睇晒佢嘅歷史，占星術長期被睇成係學術傳統仲喺學術界裡面普遍咁存在，呢樣嘢同天文學、鍊金術、氣象學同埋醫學嘅關係都密切[7]。占星術亦都曾經喺政治界流行；但係從但丁同喬叟去到莎士比亞、羅培·德·維加同埋德拉巴爾卡，佢哋嘅好多部文學作品裡面都曾經提到過占星術。

不過，占星術喺科學革命開始咗之後，占星術已經受到廣泛嘅質疑；呢樣嘢喺科學理論[8]:249;[9]同埋實驗[10][11]上都已經受過檢驗，仲被證明毫無科學有效性[6]或者係解釋力。占星術因為咁而無咗佢喺學術同理論上嘅地位，信仰占星術嘅人群亦大幅咁減少[12]。占星術喺而家被公認做假科學[13][14][15][16][17]:1350。一項喺1958年開始針對2000幾個喺英國倫敦一帶出世而且大家嘅出世時間只係差幾分鐘嘅人而做嘅長期追蹤研究顯示，呢啲人大家之間喺性格、職業、智能、焦慮等級、各項技能嘅能力等等各方面嘅表現都唔相似，而根據占星術嘅理論，呢啲人喺呢啲方面應該大家會非常之相似；另外對於７００幾個占卜師嘅研究顯示，雖然呢啲占卜師對自己嘅預測相當有自信，但係佢哋嘅預測結果並唔係優勝過亂估出嚟所得到嘅結果[18]。

詞源

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占星術（或者譯做占星學）嘅英文「astrology」係嚟自早期拉丁文嘅單詞「astrologia」[19]。嗰個單字派係分別出自「星宿ἄστρον」同埋「研究-λογία」嘅希臘拉丁所組成嘅字詞—希臘文「ἀστρολογία」，意思係研究星宿嘅學問。「Astrologia」呢個詞語後來導入咗「星宿占卜star-divination」嘅含義仲同意大利文嘅「天文學astronomia」一齊做咗科學術語嚟用[20]。

睇埋

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參考

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  1. ↑ "astrology". Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press. 原著喺2015-11-30歸檔. 喺2015-12-11搵到. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ↑ "astrology". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster Inc. 原著喺2016-01-12歸檔. 喺2015-12-11搵到. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ↑ "Wordnik, astrology". 原著喺2020-10-22歸檔. 喺2016-01-15搵到. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ↑ Bunnin, Nicholas; Yu, Jiyuan (2008). The Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy. John Wiley & Sons. p. 57. 原著喺2019-05-02歸檔. 喺2016-01-15搵到. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ↑ Koch-Westenholz, Ulla (1995). Mesopotamian astrology: an introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian celestial divination. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. Foreword, 11. ISBN 978-87-7289-287-0.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 引用錯誤 無效嘅<ref>標籤；無文字提供畀叫做Cosmic嘅參照
  7. ↑ Kassell, Lauren (5 May 2010). "Stars, spirits, signs: towards a history of astrology 1100–1800". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 41 (2): 67–69. doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2010.04.001.
  8. ↑ Vishveshwara, edited by S.K. Biswas, D.C.V. Mallik, C.V. (1989). Cosmic Perspectives: Essays Dedicated to the Memory of M.K.V. Bappu (第1. publ.版). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-34354-2. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  9. ↑ Peter D. Asquith, 編 (1978). Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, vol. 1. Dordrecht u.a.: Reidel u.a. ISBN 978-0-917586-05-7. 原著喺2008-12-01歸檔. 喺2016-01-15搵到. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
    • "Chapter 7: Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding". science and engineering indicators 2006. National Science Foundation. 原著喺2011-12-30歸檔. 喺2012-07-28搵到. About three-fourths of Americans hold at least one pseudoscientific belief; i.e., they believed in at least 1 of the 10 survey items[29]"... " Those 10 items were extrasensory perception (ESP), that houses can be haunted, ghosts/that spirits of dead people can come back in certain places/situations, telepathy/communication between minds without using traditional senses, clairvoyance/the power of the mind to know the past and predict the future, astrology/that the position of the stars and planets can affect people's lives, that people can communicate mentally with someone who has died, witches, reincarnation/the rebirth of the soul in a new body after death, and channeling/allowing a "spirit-being" to temporarily assume control of a body. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ↑ Carlson, Shawn (1985). "A double-blind test of astrology" (PDF). Nature. 318 (6045): 419–425. Bibcode:1985Natur.318..419C. doi:10.1038/318419a0. 原著 (PDF)喺2019-02-16歸檔. 喺2016-01-15搵到. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ↑ Zarka, Philippe (2011). "Astronomy and astrology". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 5 (S260): 420–425. doi:10.1017/S1743921311002602.
  12. ↑ David E. Pingree, Robert Andrew Gilbert. "Astrology - Astrology in modern times". Encyclopædia Britannica. 原著喺2015-05-09歸檔. 喺2012-10-07搵到. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ↑ Thagard, Paul R. (1978). "Why Astrology is a Pseudoscience" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association. The University of Chicago Press. 1: 223–234. 原著 (PDF)喺2017-08-28歸檔. 喺2016-01-15搵到. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ↑ Astrology. Encyclopædia Britannica. 原著喺2015-05-08歸檔. 喺2016-01-15搵到. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ↑ Sven Ove Hansson, Edward N. Zalta. "Science and Pseudo-Science". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 原著喺2015-09-05歸檔. 喺2012-07-06搵到. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ↑ "Astronomical Pseudo-Science: A Skeptic's Resource List". Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 原著喺2011-12-30歸檔. 喺2012-06-17搵到. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ↑ Hartmann, P.; Reuter, M.; Nyborga, H. (May 2006). "The relationship between date of birth and individual differences in personality and general intelligence: A large-scale study". Personality and Individual Differences. 40 (7): 1349–1362. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.017. To optimise the chances of finding even remote relationships between date of birth and individual differences in personality and intelligence we further applied two different strategies. The first one was based on the common chronological concept of time (e.g. month of birth and season of birth). The second strategy was based on the (pseudo-scientific) concept of astrology (e.g. Sun Signs, The Elements, and astrological gender), as discussed in the book Astrology: Science or superstition? by Eysenck and Nias (1982).
  18. ↑ 〈存档副本〉。原著喺2019-05-02歸檔。喺2018-07-04搵到。 {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ↑ 道格拉斯·哈珀（英文：Harper, Douglas）。"astrology". 原著喺2017-06-27歸檔. 喺2015-05-01搵到. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)Online Etymology Dictionary（英文：線上語源學詞典）. Retrieved 6 December 2011. "占星學同天文學嘅分化喺1400年代後期到17世紀開始。呢個字只係限於「閱讀星宿嘅影響同埋佢哋對人類命運嘅影響」。"
  20. ↑ "astrology, n.". Oxford English Dictionary (第Second版). Oxford University Press. 1989; online version September 2011. 原著喺2015-02-19歸檔. 喺2015-05-01搵到. In Old French and Middle English astronomie seems to be the earlier and general word, astrologie having been subseq. introduced for the 'art' or practical application of astronomy to mundane affairs, and thus gradually limited by 17th cent. to the reputed influences of the stars, unknown to science. Not in Shakespeare. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)


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