印象派

印象派嘅代表作《日出印象》

印象派（粵拼：jan3 zoeng6 paai1；法文：Impressionnisme）係19世紀尾法國畫界開展嘅一場藝術運動。

特徵

印象派嘅畫作有以下嘅特徵：

• 用幼細、但明顯睇得到嘅筆觸；
• 構圖開放，放寬咗「主題」同「背景」之間嘅界線；
• 平凡嘅題材，興畫日常生活嘅景象，相對於傳統歐洲畫藝偏好以歷史大事或者聖經故仔等「宏大」嘅嘢做題材；
• 異常嘅視角；
• 以物件嘅郁動作為人類感知嘅重要部份，好多時會用濛濛地嘅圖像代表物件嘅郁動－畫家嘗試捕捉望到物件嗰一剎那所見到嘅影像（「印象」）；
• 強調準確噉描繪光嘅變化－印象派畫家受到當時物理學上光學知識嘅演進影響，反對當時歐洲畫家淨係喺室內畫畫嘅傳統，會走去室外畫畫，嘗試了解喺自然光下嘅物件嘅色水應該係點嘅。

以法國畫家莫奈喺 1874 年畫嘅油畫《日出印象》（法文：Impression, soleil levant）為例，日出印象廣泛噉俾人認同係印象派嘅代表作，呢幅畫題材好平凡，描繪一個日出景象，畫一個室外見到嘅景，而且畫中物件好濛，強調咗啲物件嘅郁動同光暗。

小史

印象派喺歷史上幾經轉折：初頭（當時嚟講好反傳統嘅）印象派廣受法國藝術界批評，例如因為印象派畫家興畫一啲平凡、日常生活當中嘅嘢，搞到當時嘅（偏好宏大題材嘅）法國畫界覺得佢哋難登大雅之堂；不過，打後喺一眾印象派畫家嘅努力下，印象派出咗好多重要嘅技法同名作，最後得到成個歐洲藝術界承認佢哋係一個有睇頭嘅藝術流派。而到咗廿一世紀，印象派經已成為西方藝術界嘅一個重要流派，仲影響咗世界多地嘅畫畫藝術，好似係粵港澳地區嘅嶺南畫派噉，就係結咗國畫同印象派思潮而生嘅一個畫派。

圖庫

• 
  Frédéric Bazille, Paysage au bord du Lez, 1870, Minneapolis Institute of Art
• 
  Alfred Sisley, Bridge at Villeneuve-la-Garenne, 1872, Metropolitan Museum of Art
• 
  Berthe Morisot, The Cradle, 1872, Musée d'Orsay
• 
  Armand Guillaumin, Sunset at Ivry (Soleil couchant à Ivry), 1873, Musée d'Orsay
• 
  Édouard Manet, Boating, 1874, Metropolitan Museum of Art
• 
  Alfred Sisley, La Seine au Point du jour, 1877, Museum of modern art André Malraux - MuMa, Le Havre
• 
  Édouard Manet, The Plum, 1878, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
• 
  Édouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergère (Un Bar aux Folies-Bergère), 1882, Courtauld Institute of Art
• 
  Edgar Degas, After the Bath, Woman Drying Herself, c. 1884–1886 (reworked between 1890 and 1900), MuMa, Le Havre
• 
  Edgar Degas, L'Absinthe, 1876, Musée d'Orsay, Paris
• 
  Edgar Degas, Dancer with a Bouquet of Flowers (Star of the Ballet), 1878
• 
  Edgar Degas, Woman in the Bath, 1886, Hill–Stead Museum, Farmington, Connecticut
• 
  Edgar Degas, Dancers at The Bar, 1888, The Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C.
• 
  Gustave Caillebotte, Paris Street; Rainy Day, 1877, Art Institute of Chicago
• 
  Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Portrait of Mademoiselle Irène Cahen d'Anvers (La Petite Irène), 1880, Foundation E.G. Bührle, Zürich
• 
  Pierre-Auguste Renoir, On the Terrace, 1881, Art Institute of Chicago
• 
  Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Girl with a Hoop, 1885
• 
  Claude Monet, The Cliff at Étretat after the Storm, 1885, Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts
• 
  Mary Cassatt, The Child's Bath (The Bath), 1893, oil on canvas, Art Institute of Chicago
• 
  Berthe Morisot, Portrait of Mme Boursier and Her Daughter, c. 1873, Brooklyn Museum
• 
  Le Grand Canal, 1908, Claude Monet

睇埋

• 法國藝術
• 表現主義
• 嶺南畫派

參考

• Baumann, Felix Andreas, Marianne Karabelnik-Matta, Jean Sutherland Boggs, and Tobia Bezzola (1994). Degas Portraits. London: Merrell Holberton. ISBN 1-85894-014-1
• Bomford, David, Jo Kirby, John Leighton, Ashok Roy, and Raymond White (1990). Impressionism. London: National Gallery. ISBN 0-300-05035-6
• Denvir, Bernard (1990). The Thames and Hudson Encyclopaedia of Impressionism. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-20239-7
• Distel, Anne, Michel Hoog, and Charles S. Moffett (1974). Impressionism; a centenary exhibition, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, December 12, 1974-February 10, 1975. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 0-8709-9097-7
• Eisenman, Stephen F (2011). "From Corot to Monet: The Ecology of Impressionism". Milan: Skira. ISBN 8857207064.
• Gordon, Robert; Forge, Andrew (1988). Degas. New York: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-1142-6
• Gowing, Lawrence, with Adriani, Götz; Krumrine, Mary Louise; Lewis, Mary Tompkins; Patin, Sylvie; Rewald, John (1988). Cézanne: The Early Years 1859-1872. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
• Jensen, Robert (1994). Marketing modernism in fin-de-siècle Europe. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691033331.
• Moskowitz, Ira; Sérullaz, Maurice (1962). French Impressionists: A Selection of Drawings of the French 19th Century. Boston and Toronto: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-58560-2
• Rewald, John (1973). The History of Impressionism (4th, Revised Ed.). New York: The Museum of Modern Art. ISBN 0-87070-360-9
• Richardson, John (1976). Manet (3rd Ed.). Oxford: Phaidon Press Ltd. ISBN 0-7148-1743-0
• Rosenblum, Robert (1989). Paintings in the Musée d'Orsay. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang. ISBN 1-55670-099-7
• Moffett, Charles S. (1986). "The New Painting, Impressionism 1874-1886". Geneva: Richard Burton SA.

拎

• Hecht Museum.
• Museumsportal Schleswig-Holstein.
• Suburban Pastoral. The Guardian, 24 February 2007.
• Impressionism: Paintings collected by European Museums (1999) was an art exhibition co-organized by the High Museum of Art, Atlanta, the Seattle Art Museum, and the Denver Art Museum, touring from May through December 1999. Online guided tour.
• Monet's Years at Giverny: Beyond Impressionism, exhibition catalogue fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which discusses Monet's role in this movement.
• Degas: The Artist's Mind, exhibition catalogue fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which discusses Degas's role in this movement.
• Definition of impressionism on the Tate Art Glossary.