片假名

片假名（粵拼：pin3 gaa2 ming4；日文：片仮名／カタカナ^Katakana）係日文假名其中一個種類，由漢字嘅邊旁演化過嚟，而家一共有48個。廿一世紀初嘅日本人用親呢種文字，通常係寫外來詞。除此之外，阿伊努話亦成日會用片假名嚟寫。

方案

下面段文未譯好，歡迎你幫手。

	ア段	イ段	ウ段	エ段	オ段
ア行	ア	イ	ウ	エ	オ
ア行	阿	伊	宇	江	於
カ行	カ	キ	ク	ケ	コ
カ行	加	幾	久	介	己
サ行	サ	シ	ス	セ	ソ
サ行	散	之	須	世	曽
タ行	タ	チ	ツ	テ	ト
タ行	多	千	川	天	止
ナ行	ナ	ニ	ヌ	ネ	ノ
ナ行	奈	仁	奴	祢	乃
ハ行	ハ	ヒ	フ	ヘ	ホ
ハ行	八	比	不	部	保
マ行	マ	ミ	ム	メ	モ
マ行	末	三	牟	女	毛
ヤ行	ヤ		ユ		ヨ
ヤ行	也		由		与
ラ行	ラ	リ	ル	レ	ロ
ラ行	良	利	流	礼	呂
ワ行	ワ	ヰ		ヱ	ヲ
ワ行	和	井		惠	乎

					ン

					ヴ

「ヰ」「ヱ」喺現代日文唔再用。

下面段文未譯好，歡迎你幫手。

Notes

↑ Prior to the e/ye merger in the mid-Heian period, a different character (𛀀) was used in position e.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Theoretical combinations yi and wu are unused. Some katakana were invented for them by linguists in the Edo and Meiji periods in order to fill out the table, but they were never actually used in normal writing.
↑ The combination ye existed prior to the mid-Heian period and was represented in very early katakana, but has been extinct for over a thousand years, having merged with e in the 10th century. The ye katakana (エ) was adopted for e (displacing 𛀀, the character originally used for e); the alternate katakana 𛄡 was invented for ye in the Meiji period for use in representations of Old and Early Classical Japanese so as to avoid confusion with the modern use of エ for e.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 The characters in positions wi and we are obsolete in modern Japanese, and have been replaced by イ (i) and エ (e). The character wo, in practice normally pronounced o, is preserved in only one use: as a particle. This is normally written in hiragana (を), so katakana ヲ sees only limited use. See Gojūon and the articles on each character for details.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 The ヂ (di) and ヅ (du) kana (often romanised as ji and zu) are primarily used for etymologic spelling, when the unvoiced equivalents チ (ti) and ツ (tu) (usually romanised as chi and tsu) undergo a sound change (rendaku) and become voiced when they occur in the middle of a compound word. In other cases, the identically-pronounced ジ (ji) and ズ (zu) are used instead. ヂ (di) and ヅ (du) can never begin a word, and they are not common in katakana, since the concept of rendaku does not apply to transcribed foreign words, one of the major uses of katakana.

用法

片假名曾經用來寫普通句子，而今通常已經唔會咁做（而今會用平假名）。目前片假名主要係用來淨係得個音嘅嘢（包括寫非漢字嘅借詞、擬音字等等）同用來做強調用等等。

非漢字嘅譯音未必係借英文，尤其係舊啲嘅字，可能係例如借德文之類。

英文譯音例子

廿一世紀嘅日文好多英文借詞。片假名通常會攞嚟寫啲外來詞^[1]^[2]，例如日本人响廿世紀嗰陣接觸到西人嘅文化產物，發現西方文化入面嘅龍形象同日本傳統嘅龍（睇埋東方龍）好唔同，佢哋想強調返呢樣分別，於是^[3]佢哋攞住 dragon 呢隻英文字，用日本話配合返日本話嘅音系講，拼出來就變成｢ドラゴンdo6 laa1 go3 n4｣，專指西方龍：

原字	原音節	類似原音	平假名	實際音（羅馬字）
dragon	/dræ/	/d/	ド	do
	/dræ/	/ra/	ラ	ra
	/gən/	/gɔ/	ゴ	go
	/gən/	/n/	ン	n

除此之外，仲有好多現代日文字嘅借詞^[1]

カメラkamera：camera
タクシーtakushī：taxi（｢シ｣要加長，因為｢シ｣通常代表 sh 尾音）
クリックkurikku：click（促音代表短音，雖然促音其實係子音加長而唔係母音縮短）

... 呀噉，都係用片假名寫嘅。

雖然拼音有既定規則，可以由拼音估到原字係乜，但係拼出來嘅音並唔會跟原本嘅讀法。喺 dragon 嘅例子，個字喺英文只係兩個音節，但係拼出來嘅日文係四個音節（注意｢ン｣係獨立嘅一個音節，類似粵語嘅｢吳｣，並唔係好似英文咁係尾音）。

睇埋

平假名
萬葉假名
阿伊努話，阿伊努話有採用片假名嚟做佢哋嘅文字。

攷

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 English Words in Japanese: Do You Know Japanglish?. JapanesePod101.com.
↑ Martin, A. (2004). The 'katakana effect' and teaching English in Japan. English Today, 20(1), 50-55.
↑ What is the Japanese word for Dragon? There are 2 of them! 互聯網檔案館嘅歸檔，歸檔日期2023年2月7號，.. Japanese Tactics.

[oldE-1] Prior to the e/ye merger in the mid-Heian period, a different character (𛀀) was used in position e.

[unused-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Theoretical combinations yi and wu are unused. Some katakana were invented for them by linguists in the Edo and Meiji periods in order to fill out the table, but they were never actually used in normal writing.

[extinct-3] The combination ye existed prior to the mid-Heian period and was represented in very early katakana, but has been extinct for over a thousand years, having merged with e in the 10th century. The ye katakana (エ) was adopted for e (displacing 𛀀, the character originally used for e); the alternate katakana 𛄡 was invented for ye in the Meiji period for use in representations of Old and Early Classical Japanese so as to avoid confusion with the modern use of エ for e.

[obsolete-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 The characters in positions wi and we are obsolete in modern Japanese, and have been replaced by イ (i) and エ (e). The character wo, in practice normally pronounced o, is preserved in only one use: as a particle. This is normally written in hiragana (を), so katakana ヲ sees only limited use. See Gojūon and the articles on each character for details.

[etymologic-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 The ヂ (di) and ヅ (du) kana (often romanised as ji and zu) are primarily used for etymologic spelling, when the unvoiced equivalents チ (ti) and ツ (tu) (usually romanised as chi and tsu) undergo a sound change (rendaku) and become voiced when they occur in the middle of a compound word. In other cases, the identically-pronounced ジ (ji) and ズ (zu) are used instead. ヂ (di) and ヅ (du) can never begin a word, and they are not common in katakana, since the concept of rendaku does not apply to transcribed foreign words, one of the major uses of katakana.

[japaneng-6] 1.0 ^1.1 English Words in Japanese: Do You Know Japanglish?. JapanesePod101.com.

[7] Martin, A. (2004). The 'katakana effect' and teaching English in Japan. English Today, 20(1), 50-55.

[8] What is the Japanese word for Dragon? There are 2 of them! 互聯網檔案館嘅歸檔，歸檔日期2023年2月7號，.. Japanese Tactics.

[n 1]

[n 2]

[n 3]

[n 4]

[n 5]

[1]

[2]

[3]

	Monographs (五十音)					Digraphs (拗音)
	a	i	u	e	o	ya	yu	yo
∅	ア a [a]	イ i [i]	ウ u [ɯ]	エ e [e]^{[n 1]}	オ o [o]
K	カ ka [ka]	キ ki [ki]	ク ku [kɯ]	ケ ke [ke]	コ ko [ko]	キャ kya [kʲa]	キュ kyu [kʲɯ]	キョ kyo [kʲo]
S	サ sa [sa]	シ shi [ɕi]	ス su [sɯ]	セ se [se]	ソ so [so]	シャ sha [ɕa]	シュ shu [ɕɯ]	ショ sho [ɕo]
T	タ ta [ta]	チ chi [t͡ɕi]	ツ tsu [t͡sɯ]	テ te [te]	ト to [to]	チャ cha [t͡ɕa]	チュ chu [t͡ɕɯ]	チョ cho [t͡ɕo]
N	ナ na [na]	ニ ni [ɲi]	ヌ nu [nɯ]	ネ ne [ne]	ノ no [no]	ニャ nya [ɲa]	ニュ nyu [ɲɯ]	ニョ nyo [ɲo]
H	ハ ha [ha]	ヒ hi [çi]	フ fu [ɸɯ]	ヘ he [he]	ホ ho [ho]	ヒャ hya [ça]	ヒュ hyu [çɯ]	ヒョ hyo [ço]
M	マ ma [ma]	ミ mi [mi]	ム mu [mɯ]	メ me [me]	モ mo [mo]	ミャ mya [mʲa]	ミュ myu [mʲɯ]	ミョ myo [mʲo]
Y	ヤ ya [ja]	^{[n 2]}	ユ yu [jɯ]	[[Ye (kana)\|エ [𛄡]]] ye [je] / [e]^{[n 3]}	ヨ yo [jo]
R	ラ ra [ɾa]	リ ri [ɾi]	ル ru [ɾɯ]	レ re [ɾe]	ロ ro [ɾo]	リャ rya [ɾʲa]	リュ ryu [ɾʲɯ]	リョ ryo [ɾʲo]
W	ワ wa [ɰa]	ヰ wi [ɰi] / [i]^{[n 4]}	^{[n 2]}	ヱ we [ɰe] / [e]^{[n 4]}	ヲ wo [ɰo] / [o]^{[n 4]}

	Monographs with diacritics: 五十音加(半)濁點					Digraphs with diacritics: 拗音加(半)濁點
	a	i	u	e	o	ya	yu	yo
G	ガ ga [ɡa]	ギ gi [ɡi]	グ gu [ɡɯ]	ゲ ge [ɡe]	ゴ go [ɡo]	ギャ gya [ɡʲa]	ギュ gyu [ɡʲɯ]	ギョ gyo [ɡʲo]
Z	ザ za [za]	ジ ji [(d)ʑi]	ズ zu [(d)zɯ]	ゼ ze [ze]	ゾ zo [zo]	ジャ ja [(d)ʑa]	ジュ ju [(d)ʑɯ]	ジョ jo [(d)ʑo]
D	ダ da [da]	ヂ ji [(d)ʑi]^{[n 5]}	ヅ zu [(d)zɯ]^{[n 5]}	デ de [de]	ド do [do]	ヂャ ja [(d)ʑa]^{[n 5]}	ヂュ ju [(d)ʑɯ]^{[n 5]}	ヂョ jo [(d)ʑo]^{[n 5]}
B	バ ba [ba]	ビ bi [bi]	ブ bu [bɯ]	ベ be [be]	ボ bo [bo]	ビャ bya [bʲa]	ビュ byu [bʲɯ]	ビョ byo [bʲo]
P	パ pa [pa]	ピ pi [pi]	プ pu [pɯ]	ペ pe [pe]	ポ po [po]	ピャ pya [pʲa]	ピュ pyu [pʲɯ]	ピョ pyo [pʲo]

	Final nasal monograph	Polysyllabic monographs
	n	iu	koto	shite	toki	tomo	nari
*	ン n [ɴ m n ɲ ŋ ɰ̃]	iu [jɯː]	ヿ koto [koto]	shite [ɕite]	/ toki [toki]	tomo [tomo]	nari [naɾi]
*						゙ domo [domo]

	Functional graphemes
	sokuonfu	長音符	odoriji (monosyllable)	odoriji (polysyllable)
*	ッ (indicates a geminate consonant)	ー (after long vowel)	ヽ (reduplicates and unvoices syllable)	〱 (reduplicates and unvoices syllable)
*			ヾ (reduplicates and voices syllable)	〱゙ (reduplicates and voices syllable)
*			ヽ゚ (reduplicates and voices syllable)	〱゚ (reduplicates and voices syllable)