諗頭潛伏

諗頭潛伏（粵音：nam2 tau4 cim4 fuk6 | 英文：incubation）係認知心理學上嘅一個概念，指一個人喺嘗試解決一個問題嘅途中，將個問題暫時擺埋一邊先，同時佢個腦仲繼續無意識噉諗個問題嘅嘢，往往最後會帶嚟新嘅諗法。

背景

認知心理學家睇咗好似歐拔·愛因斯坦噉俾人話係天才嘅人，分析呢啲天才點樣描述自己諗嘢嘅過程；認知心理學家發覺，天才嘅諗嘢過程好多時都係噉^[1]^[2]－

天才嘗試解個問題，但諗唔到解決方法，撞板；
天才跟住就將個問題擺埋一邊，走去做第啲嘢；
天才做做吓第啲嘢，腦入面突然出現一個之前未諗過嘅解決方法－諗到一個又新又有用嘅諗頭；
成功解決問題。

如果將上述嘅過程畫做圖，Y 軸做「問題解決嘅程度」（ $y$ ；數值愈高表示離「成功解決」愈接近），X 軸做時間；由呢條線度睇得出，天才初頭解唔到個問題（ $y\approx {\text{min}}$ ），跟住响「將個問題擺咗埋一邊」期間， $y$ 喺一段短時間內勁升，最後解決問題 $y={\text{max}}$ ^[3]^[4]。

好多認知心理學家都有就「突然出現一個諗頭打前，個腦到底發生咗咩事」作出假說：元分析表示，「暫時將個問題擺埋一邊先」的確有助人諗新計嚟解難^[4]；有心理學家主張，「暫時放低個問題」有助一個人遺忘啲固有（不嬲用開）但無助於解決問題嘅諗頭（睇埋啟發法），而唔放低個問題只會搞到個人繼續嘥時間精神用啲固有方法；同時喺「做緊第啲嘢」嗰段期間個人嘅腦仲係無意識噉繼續思考緊嗰個問題，而且係用直覺性嘅方式；於是啲人就打咗個比喻－喺「做緊第啲嘢」嗰段期間，個人嘅腦仲係暗中諗緊個問題，好似個諗頭「潛伏」緊噉^[5]^[6]。

睇埋

文獻

Sio, U. N., & Ormerod, T. C. (2009). Does incubation enhance problem solving? A meta-analytic review (PDF). Psychological bulletin, 135(1), 94.

引咗

↑ Ghiselin, B. (1985). The creative process: A symposium. Berkeley: University of California Press.
↑ Wallas, G. (1926). The art of thought. London: Cape.
↑ Christensen, T. Bo (2005). Creative Cognition: Analogy and Incubation (PDF). Department of Psychology, University of Aarhus, Denmark
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Sio, U. N., & Ormerod, T. C. (2009). Does incubation enhance problem solving? A meta-analytic review (PDF). Psychological bulletin, 135(1), 94.
↑ Smith, Steven M. (1995). "Fixation, Incubation, and Insight in Memory and Creative Thinking". In Steven M. Smith; Thomas B. Ward; Ronald A. Finke (eds.). The Creative Cognition Approach. MIT Press.
↑ Ward, T. (2003). "Creativity". In Nagel, L. (ed.). Encyclopaedia of Cognition. New York: Macmillan.

[1] Ghiselin, B. (1985). The creative process: A symposium. Berkeley: University of California Press.

[2] Wallas, G. (1926). The art of thought. London: Cape.

[3] Christensen, T. Bo (2005). Creative Cognition: Analogy and Incubation (PDF). Department of Psychology, University of Aarhus, Denmark

[sio2009-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Sio, U. N., & Ormerod, T. C. (2009). Does incubation enhance problem solving? A meta-analytic review (PDF). Psychological bulletin, 135(1), 94.

[5] Smith, Steven M. (1995). "Fixation, Incubation, and Insight in Memory and Creative Thinking". In Steven M. Smith; Thomas B. Ward; Ronald A. Finke (eds.). The Creative Cognition Approach. MIT Press.

[6] Ward, T. (2003). "Creativity". In Nagel, L. (ed.). Encyclopaedia of Cognition. New York: Macmillan.

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