自然法
自然法 (拉丁文：ius naturale, lex naturalis) 係一個基於對人性嘅觀察，而設立嘅法律制度[1]。根據呢個制度，所有人都有固有嘅權利，係由“神、自然、或者邏輯”而嚟[2]。自然法嘅理論亦可以叫做“倫理學理論”、“宗教道德理論”、同埋“民法法系理論”等等[3]。
喺西方傳統，呢個制度最先喺古希臘哲學有記載，包括亞里士多德[4]。跟住之後，羅馬帝國將佢帶入歐洲，到聖多瑪斯亞奎那嘅時候，佢將呢個概念同基督教信仰合并，寫成《Lex Naturalis》。呢本書提到：所有人嘅生命都係無價嘅，比起所有其他創造物都珍貴，亦同時互相平等，由神賜下咗一啲固有（即係冇人能夠攞走）嘅權利[5]。
現代嘅自然法理論主要都係嚟自啟蒙時期，用社會契約嚟代替君權神授嘅講法。由呢個時間開始，唔少關於人權嘅宣言，特別係喺西方國家，都有提及到呢個概念，包括美國獨立宣言、人權同公民權宣言、世界人權宣言、同歐洲人權公約等等。
睇埋[編輯]
出面網頁[編輯]
- 史丹福大學收藏:
- 倫理學嘅自然法 (Mark Murphy, 2002)
- 亞奎那嘅道德、政治、同法律哲學 (John Finnis, 2005)
- 自然法嘅多種理論 (John Finnis, 2007)
- 網上哲學百科全書 - 自然法 (Kenneth Einar Himma)
- 亞奎那對自然法嘅睇法
- 解釋、分析、同應用自然法
- 自然法概述 (Jonathan Dolhenty 博士)
- 天主教百科全書 - 自然法
- 自然法嘅非荒謬性 (Wendy McElroy, The Freeman 第48卷第2期第108-111頁, 1998年2月)
- 自然法嘅爭議 (John Wijngaards)
- Lex Naturalis, Ius Naturalis: 法律作為實證推理同自然理性 (Eric Engle 同 Elias Clarke, 2010).
攷[編輯]
- ↑ Finnis, John (2020), "Natural Law Theories", 出自 Zalta, Edward N. (編), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (第Summer 2020版), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 原先內容歸檔喺2021-09-10, 喺2020-10-19搵到
- ↑ Kelsen, Hans (2007). General Theory of Law And State. The Lawbook Exchange. p. 392.
- ↑ Murphy, Mark (2019), "The Natural Law Tradition in Ethics", 出自 Zalta, Edward N. (編), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (第Summer 2019版), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 原先內容歸檔喺2021-11-13, 喺2020-10-19搵到
- ↑ Rommen, Heinrich A. (1959) [1947]. The Natural Law: A Study in Legal and Social Philosophy. Hanley, Thomas R.翻譯. B. Herder Book Co. p. 5. ISBN 978-0865971615.
- ↑ Maritain, Jacques (9 October 2018), Human Rights and Natural Law, UNESCO, 原先內容歸檔喺13 November 2021, 喺15 September 2021搵到
睇多啲[編輯]
一覽
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- Miller, Fred (2008). "Natural Law". 出自 Hamowy, Ronald (編). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Cato Institute. pp. 351–353. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n215. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-01-09. 喺2022-03-30搵到.
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