自然法

自然法 (拉丁文：ius naturale, lex naturalis) 係一個基於對人性嘅觀察，而設立嘅法律制度。根據呢個制度，所有人都有固有嘅權利，係由“神、自然、或者邏輯”而嚟。自然法嘅理論亦可以叫做“倫理學理論”、“宗教道德理論”、同埋“民法法系理論”等等。

喺西方傳統，呢個制度最先喺古希臘哲學有記載，包括亞里士多德。跟住之後，羅馬帝國將佢帶入歐洲，到聖多瑪斯亞奎那嘅時候，佢將呢個概念同基督教信仰合并，寫成《Lex Naturalis》。呢本書提到：所有人嘅生命都係無價嘅，比起所有其他創造物都珍貴，亦同時互相平等，由神賜下咗一啲固有（即係冇人能夠攞走）嘅權利。

現代嘅自然法理論主要都係嚟自啟蒙時期，用社會契約嚟代替君權神授嘅講法。由呢個時間開始，唔少關於人權嘅宣言，特別係喺西方國家，都有提及到呢個概念，包括美國獨立宣言、人權同公民權宣言、世界人權宣言、同歐洲人權公約等等。

睇埋

• 自然狀態
• 自由意志主義
• 正當法律程序

出面網頁

• 史丹福大學收藏:
  • 倫理學嘅自然法 (Mark Murphy, 2002)
  • 亞奎那嘅道德、政治、同法律哲學 (John Finnis, 2005)
  • 自然法嘅多種理論 (John Finnis, 2007)
• 網上哲學百科全書 - 自然法 (Kenneth Einar Himma)
• 亞奎那對自然法嘅睇法
• 解釋、分析、同應用自然法
• 自然法概述 (Jonathan Dolhenty 博士)
• 天主教百科全書 - 自然法
• 自然法嘅非荒謬性 (Wendy McElroy, The Freeman 第48卷第2期第108-111頁, 1998年2月)
• 自然法嘅爭議 (John Wijngaards)
• Lex Naturalis, Ius Naturalis: 法律作為實證推理同自然理性 (Eric Engle 同 Elias Clarke, 2010).

睇多啲

一覽

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