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贖罪日戰爭

出自維基百科,自由嘅百科全書
贖罪日戰爭
中東戰爭冷戰嘅一部分

由左上角順時針:
以色列軍隊蘇彝士運河、以軍嘅戰機飛過戈蘭高地、一位以軍士兵喺西奈半島祈禱、以軍護送受傷嘅人員、埃及軍喺打贏地之後高擧埃及嘅國旗、埃及軍手揸住一幅總統沙特大頭相
日期: 1973年10月6-25號
(2個禮拜5日)
地點: 戈蘭高地西奈半島、同蘇彝士運河兩岸嘅範圍
原因: 以色列六日戰爭贏咗好大笪地,所以埃及敘利亞唔老禮
結果: 以色列 以色列[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
領土變更: 埃及戰線:
  • 埃及軍隊佔據蘇彝士運河東部嘅大半橛[9]
  • 以色列軍隊控制運河西部大約1,600平方公里(620平方英里)嘅範圍,距離首都開羅只係得100公里(62英里)[9]

敘利亞戰線:

  • 以軍新控制敘利亞大約500平方公里(190平方英里)嘅範圍,距離首都大馬士革得32公里(20英里)[10]
參戰方
以色列 以色列 埃及
敘利亞
其他阿拉伯國家
指揮官同領導者
兵力
以色列:
總共:
傷亡同損失
以色列:
總共:

贖罪日戰爭英文Yom Kippur War希伯來文מלחמת יום הכיפורים‎),又叫做十月戰爭阿拉伯文حرب أكتوبر‎)或者第四次中東戰爭,係1973年10月喺中東發生嘅一場仗,主要係以色列對住埃及敘利亞打,發生喺戈蘭高地西奈半島、同蘇彝士運河附近嘅範圍。

背景

[編輯]

喺1967年,以色列同阿拉伯國家曾經打過六日戰爭,之後以色列一路控制住戈蘭高地西奈半島,包括蘇彝士運河嘅東岸[37][38]埃及一直都希望能夠擊破以色列軍喺運河東岸嘅控制,跟住經過談判嚟控制返成個西奈半島[39][40]

打仗

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場仗嘅變動地圖
場仗嘅變動地圖

1973年10月6號,阿拉伯國家一齊發動襲擊打以色列。因為呢日同時亦都係猶太節日贖罪日,所以場仗叫做「贖罪日戰爭」[41]。開仗冇耐,美國蘇聯都各自幫自己嘅盟國提供物資[a][42][43][44],所以場仗亦都成為咗冷戰嘅一部分[45]

喺開戰嘅時候,埃及[46]敘利亞都踩過咗之前停火嘅邊界,分別嘗試入西奈半島同埋戈蘭高地。喺頭三日,兩個國家都有啲功績,不過之後以色列就成功推返佢哋轉頭[47]。到開戰一個禮拜,以色列已經能夠自己進攻兩個國家嘅地方:喺敘利亞方面,以色列開始炮打敘利亞首都大馬士革;喺埃及方面,以色列跨過咗去蘇彝士運河嘅西岸,離埃及首都開羅越嚟越近。[48]。10月22號,一個由聯合國搞嘅停火失敗咗,而兩邊都係賴對方搞事。

到10月24號,以色列軍隊成功包圍咗埃及嘅第三軍團,當時離開羅只係得100公里(62英里)。之後,埃及成功反攻,喺兩次鬥爭都打贏返。不過同時,美國蘇聯都驚呢次仗會打過龍,所以兩邊都喺25號同意設立停火,避免演變成為核戰

影響

[編輯]

喺1948年嘅第一次中東戰爭同埋1967年嘅六日戰爭以色列兩次都係成功打敗阿拉伯國家嘅攻擊。不過,以色列同時亦都明白到,呢啲成功並唔擔保之後會繼續。同時,阿拉伯國家喺呢場仗入面比起上次都叫有贏過,令佢哋對自己比較有自豪感。所以,呢場仗令雙方都肯和解,包括以色列埃及之間嘅和平協議同和約。埃及之後成為咗第一個承認以色列嘅阿拉伯國家。自此之後,埃及逐漸離開蘇聯勢力範圍

睇埋

[編輯]

[編輯]
  1. 當時,美國以色列係盟國,而蘇聯就同阿拉伯國家結盟

參考文獻

[編輯]
  • Gawrych, George (2000). The Albatross of Decisive Victory: War and Policy Between Egypt and Israel in the 1967 and 1973 Arab-Israeli Wars. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31302-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Herzog, Chaim (1975). The War of Atonement: The Inside Story of the Yom Kippur War. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-35900-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) Also 2003 edition, ISBN 978-1-85367-569-0
  • Shazly, Lieutenant General Saad el (2003). The Crossing of the Suez, Revised Edition (修訂版). American Mideast Research. ISBN 978-0-9604562-2-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Rabinovich, Abraham (2005) [2004]. The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East. New York: Schocken Books. ISBN 978-0-8052-4176-1.

[編輯]
  1. Luttwak; Horowitz (1983). The Israeli Army. Cambridge, MA: Abt Books. ISBN 978-0-89011-585-5.
  2. Kumaraswamy, PR (2000). Revisiting The Yom Kippur War. Psychology Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-0-7146-5007-4.
  3. Liebman, Charles (July 1993). "The Myth of Defeat: The Memory of the Yom Kippur war in Israeli Society" (PDF). Middle Eastern Studies. London: Frank Cass. 29 (3): 411. doi:10.1080/00263209308700958. ISSN 0026-3206. 原著 (PDF)喺7 May 2013歸檔.
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  6. Ian Bickerton (2012). The Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Guide for the Perplexed. A&C Black. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-4411-2872-0. the Arab has suffered repeated military defeats at the hand of Israel in 1956, 1967, and 1973
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  9. 9.0 9.1 Morris, 2011, Righteous Victims, p. 437
  10. Morris, 2011 p. 433, "Bashan ... 500 square kilometers ... which brought it within 20英里 [32公里] of Damascus"
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Rabinovich 2004, p. 54.
  12. Insight Team of the London Sunday Times, pp. 372–373.
  13. 13.0 13.1 13.2 The number reflects artillery units of caliber 100 mm and up
  14. Herzog 1975, p. 239.
  15. Shazly 2003, p. 244.
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  30. Gawrych 2000, p. 244.
  31. Herzog 1975, p. 260.
  32. Herzog 1975, p. 269.
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  38. Herzog 1975.
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  47. Shazly 2003, p. 241.
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