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織體

出自維基百科,自由嘅百科全書
(由雙音音樂跳轉過嚟)
  提示:呢篇文講嘅唔係纖體

織體粵拼zik1 tai2英文texture),又叫層次組合[註 1],喺樂理上係指一首音樂當中唔同嘅速度旋律和音點樣結合埋一齊點樣結合埋一齊形成一首整體嘅樂曲

分類

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以下係幾款常見嘅音樂織體[1]

% 原圖:File:Pop Goes the Weasel updated.png
% 參考咗:https://archive.org/details/lowes-selection-of-popular-country-dances/page/15/mode/1up
S = \transpose c c' {
	\time 6/8 c4 c8 d4 d8 | e8([g e)] c4 r8 | c4 c8(d4-.) d8 | e4. c8 r4 |
	c4 c8 d4 d8 | e8([g e-.]) c4 r8 | a8-> r4 d4 f8 | e4. c8 r4 \bar "||"
}
\header { tagline = "" }
\score { \layout { indent = 0 line-width = 14.8\cm ragged-last = ##f } \S }
\score { \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 } { \S s4 }} % dummy rest added to prevent abrupt cutoff
% 原圖:File:Pedal tone Bach - BWV 851, m.1-2.png
% 參考咗:https://imslp.org/wiki/File:Pre_fug6.pdf
S = \transpose c c' {
		\key f \major r8 r16 a \tuplet 3/2 8 {
			f[d a] \hide TupletNumber f[d d'] bes[g bes] g[e g] e[cis g] e[cis a]
		} | \tuplet 3/2 { f[d a] }
	}
B = \absolute { \key f \major \clef bass d8[d] d[d] d[d] d[d] | d }
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout { line-width = 12.1\cm ragged-last = ##f }
	\new PianoStaff <<
		\new Staff { \S }
		\new Staff { \B }
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 66 } % per Carl Czerny (1893)
	<< \S { \B s4 } >> % dummy rest added to prevent abrupt cutoff
}
  • 複音音樂(polyphony):首音樂由兩段或者以上各自能夠獨立存在嘅旋律組成,當中冇任何一段明顯係「主旋律」,例如下面呢段係《十二平均律鋼琴曲集》嘅《A♭ 17 號賦格曲》嘅其中一段噉,上下兩行五線譜嘅四個聲部,每部都係一段旋律,而且冇任何一段旋律零舍突出做主旋律[5]
% 原圖:File:BachFugueBar.png;BWV 862 正式部分 m6
% 參考咗:https://imslp.org/wiki/File:Prefug17.pdf
S = \transpose c c'' {
	\voiceOne \hide Hairpin \< \partial 4 ees8([des] | ees2.)^5 aes4~\f | aes4) g
}
A = \transpose c c' {
	\voiceTwo \partial 4 s4 | r4 ees8([aes_3] g[ees] c'_2[aes] | bes4~) bes16[ees f g]
}
T = \absolute { \voiceThree \partial 4 aes4 | g4 aes16[bes^2 c'8] bes8.[bes16] aes8[c'] | g8 r r4 }
B = \absolute {
	\voiceFour \partial 4 des16[ees f ees] |
	des16_1_4[c bes,_4 des_3] c8._1_5[d16_5] ees16_2_4[f_5 g8~] g16[g f_1_5 ees_3] |
	d16[bes, c d] ees4\laissezVibrer
}
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		line-width = 12.1\cm ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver }
		\context { \PianoStaff \remove System_start_delimiter_engraver }
	}
	\new PianoStaff <<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Clef_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\override KeySignature.stencil = ##f
		} <<
			\new Voice { \key aes \major \S }
			\new Voice { \A }
		>>
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Clef_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\override KeySignature.stencil = ##f
		} <<
			\new Voice { \key aes \major \clef bass \T }
			\new Voice { \B }
		>>
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 96 } % per Carl Czerny (1893)
	<< << \S \A >> << \T { \B s4 } >> >> % dummy rest added to prevent abrupt cutoff
}
  • 主音音樂(homophony):首音樂由兩段或者以上嘅旋律組成,當中有一首明顯係「主旋律」,而另外嗰幾段扮演陪襯嘅角色,即係另外嗰幾段通常會好重複同冇乜變化,加嚟純粹係為咗要幫手留意住啲節奏或者做和音;主音音樂呢種做法喺古典樂當中非常盛行[4]
  • 同部支聲[註 2](heterophony):首音樂只有一個旋律,但係由多過一個樂手演繹,每個樂手自行加花;同部支聲係一啲非西方傳統嘅常見織體,例如阿拉伯音樂[6]

... 等等。

順帶一提,啲人喺討論音樂嗰陣,好興用「有幾厚」嚟描述一首音樂嘅織體​​如果話一首音樂嘅織體厚,即係話首音樂「分好多層」,有好多段唔同嘅旋律疊埋一齊組成,而如果話一首音樂嘅織體薄,即係話首音樂由得嗰一兩段旋律組成[4]

註釋

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  1. 譯名見:樂術語 (香港中文)。彩虹天主教英文中學。喺2024年8月9號搵到
  2. 譯名見:課程發展處藝術教育組 (2023年9月)。樂科學與教常用英漢辭彙 (PDF) (英文、香港中文)。教育局。頁 25。喺2024年7月22號搵到

睇埋

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[編輯]
  1. Benward, Bruce, and Marilyn Nadine Saker (2003). Music: In Theory and Practice, 7th edition, vol. 1. Boston: McGraw-Hill. p. 133.
  2. Benward, Bruce, and Marilyn Nadine Saker (2003). Music: In Theory and Practice, 7th edition, vol. 1. Boston: McGraw-Hill. p. 136.
  3. "Texture", Foundations of Music Theory (美國英文), University of Massachusetts Amherst, p. 15-2, 2018年4月
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Benward, Bruce, and Marilyn Nadine Saker (2003). Music: In Theory and Practice, 7th edition, vol. 1. Boston: McGraw-Hill. p. 137.
  5. Hendrik van der Werf (1997). "Early Western polyphony", Companion to Medieval & Renaissance Music. Oxford University Press.
  6. "Arabic Maqam and the Western Tradition" (英文). 喺2024年10月31號搵到.