Macabre

Macabre（法文讀音：[makabʁ]；可作粵拼：粵化口語音：maa6 kaap1 ^{[註 1]}）係源自法文嘅藝術詞彙。如果話某件文藝作品有呢隻詞所指嘅特徵，意思大致係話該作品帶有灰暗同陰森嘅氣氛，而且仲會用到象徵死亡嘅意象，例如係骷髏頭同埋人骨噉^[1]^[2]。噉嘅作品好多時都會令欣賞者因為諗起死亡而感到不安。

詞源研究

Macabre 一詞可見於廿一世紀初嘅英文，而根據語源學考究，英格蘭人係喺十四至十五世紀期間由古代法文嗰度借呢隻詞過英文度嘅^[3]。

至於古代法文點解會有隻噉嘅詞，二十一世紀初嘅語源學界仲未有確切答案。有學者鑽研羅曼語言—即係法語、意大利語、西班牙語同葡語等，發現隻詞最早出現喺一三七六年（中世紀後期）勃艮第嘅古詩，當時嘅寫法係串做 macabree ^[4]

Je fis de Macabree la dance,
Qui toute gent maine a sa trace,
Et a la fosse les adresse. ^[4]

呢段嘢內容大致係講死亡之舞，將人帶入墳墓嗰度。

相關文化

現代嘅虛構作品以至歐美嘅古代民間傳說都時會用到 macabre 嘅題材。例如：

恐怖故仔: 恐怖故仔泛指以恐懼、死亡或者超自然事件為核心嘅文學體裁，寫嚟係想令讀者或觀眾產生不安或者驚懼感，諸如《科學怪人》等嘅經典文學，以至《回魂夜》等嘅港產片，都有恐怖故仔嘅成份。恐怖故仔成日都會描寫鬼魂、墳墓等同死亡有關嘅事物^[5]^[6]，因此經常被描述為 macabre ^[7]。
死靈: 死靈泛指一啲明明死咗，但係仍然能夠活動嘅存在體，譬如係鬼魂、喪屍同埋吸血鬼呀噉，而大中華地區嘅殭屍亦被指係有齊晒死靈嘅主要特徵。死靈相關嘅概念喺現代虛構作品中好常見，例如鬼故專門講鬼，常見到自成一個文類，亦可以睇睇港產片中常見嘅殭屍片同埋奇幻作品之中對死靈嘅描述。死靈嘅橋段，被指係體現咗生與死之間嘅模糊界線，象徵人對死亡既恐懼又着迷。

報喪女妖: 報喪女妖（Banshee）源自愛爾蘭同蘇格蘭等地嘅民間傳說，係一種特殊嘅靈異生物。根據傳說，報喪女妖會喺夜晚出現，形象係阿婆噉嘅樣，一出現就會大聲喊，而佢嘅喊聲預告某家有人就快死。報喪女妖嘅形象，有陣時會喺歐美嘅虛構作品中出現^[8]。

另見

外拎

Roald Dahl Day: From Tales of the Unexpected to Switch Bitch, Dahl's undervalued stories for adults. The Independent, 14 October 2017.

引咗

↑ Danse macabre: a brief history of Halloween's haunting anthem，佢哋噉講："In fact, the very existence of "The Skeleton Dance" is probably owed to Danse macabre, the famed tone poem by French composer Camille Saint-Saëns, which has become the official anthem for Halloween and next-level drama or antics."
↑ How Skeletons Became Associated with Halloween，佢哋噉講："Medieval illuminated manuscripts associated with All Hallows' Eve often depicted gruesome, macabre scenes featuring skeletons and skulls."
↑ macabre(adj.)，語源詞典
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Paris, Gaston (1895). "La Dance Macabré de Jean Le Fèvre". Romania (法文). Librairie Droz for Société des amis de la Romania. 24 (93): 129–132. doi:10.3406/roma.1895.5871. 喺2022-09-21搵到.
↑ Charlie Jane Anders. "The Key Difference Between Urban Fantasy and Horror 互聯網檔案館嘅歸檔，歸檔日期2020年6月8號，.". io9.
↑ Horror. Literary Terms.
↑ Stephen King (1981). Danse Macabre. Everest House.
↑ Banshee. Encyclopedia Britannica.

註釋

↑ Macabre 一字俾多隻歐洲語言攞咗去用，各語嘅讀法都有少少唔同，呢個係英文其中一種讀法。

[2] Danse macabre: a brief history of Halloween's haunting anthem，佢哋噉講："In fact, the very existence of "The Skeleton Dance" is probably owed to Danse macabre, the famed tone poem by French composer Camille Saint-Saëns, which has become the official anthem for Halloween and next-level drama or antics."

[3] How Skeletons Became Associated with Halloween，佢哋噉講："Medieval illuminated manuscripts associated with All Hallows' Eve often depicted gruesome, macabre scenes featuring skeletons and skulls."

[4] re(adj.)，語源詞典

[Paris_1895-5] 4.0 ^4.1 Paris, Gaston (1895). "La Dance Macabré de Jean Le Fèvre". Romania (法文). Librairie Droz for Société des amis de la Romania. 24 (93): 129–132. doi:10.3406/roma.1895.5871. 喺2022-09-21搵到.

[6] Charlie Jane Anders. "The Key Difference Between Urban Fantasy and Horror 互聯網檔案館嘅歸檔，歸檔日期2020年6月8號，.". io9.

[7] Horror. Literary Terms.

[8] Stephen King (1981). Danse Macabre. Everest House.

[9] Banshee. Encyclopedia Britannica.

[1] Macabre 一字俾多隻歐洲語言攞咗去用，各語嘅讀法都有少少唔同，呢個係英文其中一種讀法。

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