展望理論
閱讀設定
展望理論(粵音:zin2 mong6 lei5 leon6;英文:prospect theory),又或者叫前景理論,係認知心理學上嘅一個理論模型,喺行為經濟學當中成日俾人攞嚟模擬人類點樣喺有風險嘅情況下作出決策。根據展望理論,人類嘅決策有兩個大步驟[1][2]:
- 喺編輯階段(editing),個人會按佢腦內認知機制當中嘅啟發法大約噉估計每個選項嘅得失,再喺腦入面將啲選項按「效用有幾高」先後噉排好,一個人會揀其中一個選項做對照點(reference),並且將好過嗰個選項嘅當做得益,差過嗰個選項嘅當做損失,而呢個階段可以有機制減低框架效應嘅影響[3]。
- 喺評估階段(evaluation),個人會表現到好似計咗個效用值出嚟噉,並且作出決策,揀效用最大嗰個選項。
睇埋
[編輯]參考
[編輯]- ↑ Kahneman, Daniel; Diener, Ed (2003). Well-being: the foundations of hedonic psychology. Russell Sage Foundation.
- ↑ Kahneman, Daniel; Tversky, Amos (1979). "Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk 互聯網檔案館嘅歸檔,歸檔日期2016年6月7號,." (PDF). Econometrica. 47 (2): 263-291.
- ↑ Tversky, Amos; Kahneman, Daniel (1986). "Rational Choice and the Framing of Decisions". The Journal of Business. 59 (S4): S251.
拎
[編輯]- (英文) An introduction to Prospect Theory.
- (英文) Prospect Theory.