證據

證據（粵拼：zing³ geoi³；英文：evidence）係指俾人用嚟支撐一個論述嘅資訊，例如家陣有人唔見咗個銀包，A 先生指控話係 B 先生偷咗個銀包（論述； $S$ ），然後佢哋喺 B 先生間房嗰度搵返唔見咗嘅銀包（證據； $E$ ），就支撐咗 A 先生嘅論述^[1]。

喺知識論（epistemology；思考知識嘅哲學領域）上，證據可以分做強同弱兩種，

前者指「如果搵到，就可以證明個論述係真」（ $E\rightarrow S$ ）嘅證據，而
後者就係指「如果搵到，就可以表示個論述有可能係真」（ $S\rightarrow E$ ）嘅證據。

證據主宰「呢個論述信唔信得過」，所以呢個概念喺好多領域上都好重要：喺科學上，研究者往往會嘗試用理論嚟解釋自己研究緊嘅現象，而喺科學方法上，一個理論實要有證據支撐先至可以俾人接受嘅－所以理解「乜嘢係證據」係學做科研嘅第一步^[2]；喺法律上，啲人又有對證據作出深入嘅思考－司法嘅重要一環涉及嘅就係驗證「呢個人係咪有罪」等嘅論述，所以法律領域嘅學者成日都會喺度諗同詏「喺判案嗰陣，邊啲嘢可以攞嚟做證據」或者「點樣判斷一件證據有幾強」等嘅問題^[3]。

睇埋[編輯]

文獻[編輯]

Grisez, G; Boyle, J; Finnis, J (1987). "Practical Principles, Moral Truth, and Ultimate Ends". The American Journal of Jurisprudence The American Journal of Jurisprudence. 32 (1): 99–151.

攷[編輯]

↑ Goldenberg, M. J. (2006). On evidence and evidence-based medicine: lessons from the philosophy of science. Social science & medicine, 62(11), 2621-2632.
↑ Giannelli, P. C., Imwinkelried, E. J., Roth, A., Moriarty, J. C., & Beety, V. E. (1986). Scientific evidence (p. 345). Charlottesville: Michie Company.
↑ American College of Forensic Examiners Institute. (2016). The Certified Criminal Investigator Body of Knowledge. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 112–113.

拎[編輯]

Evidence. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Evidence. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

[1] Goldenberg, M. J. (2006). On evidence and evidence-based medicine: lessons from the philosophy of science. Social science & medicine, 62(11), 2621-2632.

[2] Giannelli, P. C., Imwinkelried, E. J., Roth, A., Moriarty, J. C., & Beety, V. E. (1986). Scientific evidence (p. 345). Charlottesville: Michie Company.

[3] American College of Forensic Examiners Institute. (2016). The Certified Criminal Investigator Body of Knowledge. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 112–113.

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