學名

出自維基百科,自由嘅百科全書

學名即係生物學家對某一組生物嘅稱呼,爾組生物可以大到一個,或者細到一個亞種。但係無論範圍大細,原則上,有一組生物衹會有一個學名,一個學名亦只能夠指一組生物。但係由於目前嘅命名規則有幾種,所以間而中會有一組多名或者一名多組嘅情況。學名一般用拉丁文中文嘅所謂「學名」,就算係官方認證同使用,都唔可以算真正嘅學名。

目前學名用得最多嘅係二名法

概論[編輯]

睇埋:物種

每一個生物物種都會有一個學名,一個學名通常會由兩個拉丁文寫嘅字組成,例如係人類噉,人類嘅學名係 Homo sapien;通常一個學名嘅第一個字會反映咗嗰種物種所屬嘅,而第二個字指個種。呢兩個字未必一定係源自拉丁文,例如係喺四川嗰頭發現嘅恐龍華陽龍噉,佢個學名係 Huayangosaurus-當中 Huayang 係「華陽」-四川嘅別名-呢兩個漢字普通話入面嘅讀音。學名全球共通,唔會因地區而異[1][2]

有一啲物種因為地區唔同或者突變而有亞種(subspecies),為咗分得清楚啲,廿一世紀嘅科學界又多咗一套叫三名法(trinomial nomenclature)嘅學名[3][4]:呢啲學名只係得有亞種嘅生物先至有,顧名思義有三個字,例如有啲人會叫喺香港嘅中華白海豚做 Sousa chinensis chinensis印尼嘅中華白海豚做 Sousa chinensis plumbea。不過呢套做法到咗廿一世紀初都仲未受全世界認可[5][6]

[編輯]

  1. McNeill, J; Barrie, FR; Buck, WR; Demoulin, V; Greuter, W; Hawksworth, DL; et al. (2012). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress, Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Regnum Vegetabile 154. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG.
  2. Silyn-Roberts, Heather (2000). Writing for Science and Engineering: Papers, Presentation. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 198.
  3. McNeill, John (November 1996). "The BioCode: Integrated biological nomenclature for the 21st century?". Proceedings of a Mini-Symposium on Biological Nomenclature in the 21st Century.
  4. "The Draft BioCode (2011)". International Committee on Bionomenclature (ICB).
  5. Hawksworth, David L (2011). "Introducing the Draft BioCode (2011)". Taxon. 60: 199–200.
  6. Greuter, W; Garrity, G; Hawksworth, DL; Jahn, R; Kirk, PM; Knapp, S; McNeill, J, Michel, E; Patterson, DJ; Pyle, R; Tindall, BJ (2011). "Draft BioCode (2011): Principles and rules regulating the naming of organisms". Taxon. 60: 201–12.