前額皮層
(由前額葉皮質跳轉過嚟)
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前額皮層會由 VTA 嗰度接收多巴胺（dopamine）訊號，又能夠向伏隔核等嘅多個犒賞相關腦區傳穀氨酰胺訊號－「能夠向伏隔核傳訊號」就表示，前額皮層有可能對伏隔核等嘅線條體結構作出一定程度嘅管控，而廿一世紀初嘅研究的確顯示，前額皮層會扮演啲噉嘅功能[2]。
功能
[編輯]- 有研究者試過一路用神經造影技術監察受試者嘅腦活動，一路要佢哋做延遲折扣決策，叫佢哋做若干次「喺一嚿細嘅短期得益同一嚿大嘅延遲得嗌之間二揀一」噉嘅決擇，發覺前額皮層某幾橛嘅活動同個體嘅 有顯著嘅相關，又同嚿延遲得益嘅量有正相關[3][4]；
- 簡化噉講，前額皮層嘅神經細胞會運算每個選項嘅價值（睇埋效益），然後按每個選項嘅主觀價值嚟傳訊號去腦嘅其餘部份，調控嗰啲部份嘅活動，例如家陣前額皮層決定咗「短期快感嗰個選項冇長期利益嗰個咁好」，佢就會傳訊號阻止杏仁核產生「會引導個人去追求短期快感」嘅情緒變化。
因為噉，前額皮層嘅功能對一個人嘅自控能力有深遠嘅影響[5]，而前額皮層出現病變往往會搞到個病人喺自控能力上出現異常[6]。
睇埋
[編輯]- 習慣：PFC 主管有意識行為同目的；腦神經學研究指，是但攞件行為 B，教一班受試者做 B，佢哋初頭每次做 B 嗰時 PFC 都會有高嘅腦活動，而隨住佢哋習慣做 B，佢哋會開始唔使諗都做到，而且佢哋「做 B 嗰陣嘅 PFC 活動」會變到冇咁強[7]。
- 計劃
- 決策
- 犒賞系統
- 管控功能
攷
[編輯]- ↑ DeYoung C.G., Hirsh J.B., Shane M.S., Papademetris X., Rajeevan N., Gray J.R. (June 2010). "Testing predictions from personality neuroscience. Brain structure and the big five". Psychological Science. 21 (6): 820–8.
- ↑ Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2016). Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(8), 760-773.
- ↑ Shamosh, N. A., DeYoung, C. G., Green, A. E., Reis, D. L., Johnson, M. R., Conway, A. R., ... & Gray, J. R. (2008). Individual differences in delay discounting: relation to intelligence, working memory, and anterior prefrontal cortex (PDF). Psychological science, 19(9), 904-911.
- ↑ Peters, J., & Büchel, C. (2010). Episodic future thinking reduces reward delay discounting through an enhancement of prefrontal-mediotemporal interactions (PDF). Neuron, 66(1), 138-148.
- ↑ Miller, P., & Wang, X. J. (2006). Inhibitory control by an integral feedback signal in prefrontal cortex: a model of discrimination between sequential stimuli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(1), 201-206.
- ↑ Hare T.A., Camerer C.F., Rangel A. (May 2009). "Self-control in decision-making involves modulation of the vmPFC valuation system". Science. 324 (5927): 646–8.
- ↑ Yin, H. H., & Knowlton, B. J. (2006). The role of the basal ganglia in habit formation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7(6), 464-476.
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