神經可塑
閱讀設定
(由神經可塑性跳轉過嚟)
神經可塑(粵拼:san4 ging1 ho2 sou3 | 英文:neuroplasticity)係指經驗可以改變腦嘅特性,令隻動物能夠學習。
概論
[編輯]腦掌控咗一隻動物嘅資訊處理:人腦齋係塊大腦皮層(cerebral cortex;指腦最外面嗰浸)就經已有成 150 至 330 億粒互相緊密連繫嘅神經細胞咁滯,無論神經細胞數量定神經細胞之間嘅連繫緊密度都係地球上嘅動物之冠[1]-相比之下,(例如)貓成個腦加埋都係得嗰 7 億幾粒神經細胞[2];人腦嘅高複雜度令人能夠做高階嘅思考等嘅認知功能,因而具有地球動物當中最高嘅智能[3][4]。
腦各部嘅情況
[編輯]小腦
[編輯]睇埋:運動控制
小腦(cerebellum)幫手調制個腦其他系統嘅輸出-無論係運動定係思考嘅輸出,都會由小腦調制吓,令呢啲輸出更加精確。研究發現,如果做手術將個小腦攞走,隻動物仲會識做佢做開嘅嘢,但佢啲動作會變到好笨拙同猶豫。小腦呢種調制功能唔係天生嘅,而係有得學嘅:例如一個人學踩單車嗰陣,佢個小腦入面啲神經細胞會發生改變(神經可塑),令到佢踩單車嗰陣嘅動作更加準確,於是乎佢踩起單車上嚟就愈踩愈就手。小腦另一樣值得留意嘅嘢係,人類小腦嘅容量只係成個腦嘅 10%,但成個人腦有成一半嘅神經細胞都係喺小腦入面嘅[5][6]。
睇埋
[編輯]引咗
[編輯]- ↑ Pelvig, D.P.; Pakkenberg, H.; Stark, A.K.; Pakkenberg, B. (2008). "Neocortical glial cell numbers in human brains". Neurobiology of Aging. 29 (11): 1754–1762.
- ↑ Jardim-Messeder, Débora; Lambert, Kelly; Noctor, Stephen; Pestana, Fernanda M.; Leal, de Castro; E, Maria; Bertelsen, Mads F.; Alagaili, Abdulaziz N.; Mohammad, Osama B. (2017). "Dogs Have the Most Neurons, Though Not the Largest Brain: Trade-Off between Body Mass and Number of Neurons in the Cerebral Cortex of Large Carnivoran Species". Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. 11: 118.
- ↑ Haier, R.J.; Jung, R.E.; Yeo, R.C.; Head, K.; Alkired, M.T. (2004). "Structural brain variation and general intelligence". NeuroImage. 23 (1): 425–433.
- ↑ Jerison, H. (2012). Evolution of the brain and intelligence. Elsevier.
- ↑ Strick, P. L., Dum, R. P., & Fiez, J. A. (2009). Cerebellum and nonmotor function. Annual review of neuroscience, 32, 413-434.
- ↑ Eccles, J. C. (2013). The cerebellum as a neuronal machine. Springer Science & Business Media.