語義網絡
跳去導覽
跳去搵嘢
語義網絡（粵拼：jyu5 ji6 mong5 lok6；英文：semantic network）喺認知科學等嘅領域上係知識表示（knowledge representation）嘅一種手法。一個基本嘅語義網絡當中有若干個節點（node），每個節點代表一個概念，而節點之間會有一啲連繫，兩個概念之間嘅連繫表達佢哋之間嘅關係。進階嘅語義網絡模型會有更加複雜嘅結構，例如係分級（hierarchical）嘅語義網絡，興用一個節點包含嗮所有類型上屬嗰個節點嘅節點（例如用「動物」呢個節點包嗮「貓」同「蝴蝶」等嘅節點）[1][2]。
語義網絡一個大特徵係促發效應（priming effect）：喺是但一個時間點，每個節點都會有個數值代表佢嘅「啟動程度」（activation level），而一個節點啟動會引致佢掕住嘅節點跟住啟動，同佢連繫愈強嘅節點就會掕住啟動得愈勁（就係所謂嘅擴散啟動；spreading activation）；呢點似十足人嘅心靈－人都係噉，一講起一樣嘢嗰陣傾向諗起啲同嗰樣嘢相關嘅嘢，而呢種效應就係所謂嘅促發效應，例如實驗噉樣做過，實驗者叫人類受試者喺聽到個「狼」字嗰陣有噉快得噉快撳一個掣，而喺聽「狼」打前聽到（例如）個「狗」字嘅受試者對「狼」嘅反應會變快。而噉亦都表示，語義網絡喺人工智能上可以攞嚟局部模擬人類嘅智能[1][3]。
例子碼[編輯]
例如係以下呢段 Lisp 碼，表明咗金絲雀（canary）同企鵝（penguin）係一種雀鳥：
(setq *database*
'((canary (is-a bird)
(color yellow)
(size small))
(penguin (is-a bird)
(movement swim))
(bird (is-a vertebrate)
(has-part wings)
(reproduction egg-laying))))
睇埋[編輯]
參考[編輯]
- Allen, J. and A. Frisch (1982). "What's in a Semantic Network". In: Proceedings of the 20th. annual meeting of ACL, Toronto, pp. 19–27.
- John F. Sowa, Alexander Borgida (1991). Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in the Representation of Knowledge.
- Vales, C., & Fisher, A. V. (2019). When Stronger Knowledge Slows You Down: Semantic Relatedness Predicts Children's Co‐Activation of Related Items in a Visual Search Paradigm (PDF). Cognitive Science, 43(6), e12746.
攷[編輯]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Friedenberg, J., & Silverman, G. (2011). Cognitive science: An introduction to the study of mind. Sage. Ch. 8.
- ↑ Quillian, M. R. (1968). Semantic memory. Semantic information processing, 227–270.
- ↑ Allan M. Collins; Elizabeth F. Loftus (1975). "A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing". Psychological Review. 82 (6): 407–428.
拎[編輯]
 |
維基同享有多媒體嘅嘢： Semantic networks |
- "Semantic Networks" by John F. Sowa.
- "Semantic Link Network" by Hai Zhuge.
